京津冀、长三角、粤港澳科技人才流动模式研究——基于国家科技奖励获得者的实证分析

A study on the mobility pattern of S&T talents in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region,the Yangtze River Delta,and the Greater Bay Area——Evidence from national S&T awards winners

以2000—2019年间获得国家自然科学奖、国家技术发明奖和国家科学技术进步奖的2661名高层次科技人才为研究对象,通过分析这一高端人才群体从出生地、教育地到成就地的流动轨迹总结出了京津冀、长三角、粤港澳三大城市群的科技人才流动模式。研究发现:京津冀、长三角、粤港澳的科技人才流动分别呈现为“单核吸引”“自产自销”和“创新吸引”模式。三个区域的科技人才均存在程度不一的在地化流动现象,区域内部人才流动不平衡、不通畅。为实现各区域人才的一体化发展,本文建议京津冀、长三角、粤港澳将科技人才流动模式分别转变为“单核辐射”“内循环”和“合力吸引”模式。

The national science and technology awards which include the State Natural Science Award,the State Technological Invention Award,and the State Scientific and Technological Progress Award,are the highest honor granted by the Chinese government to reward great achievement in science and technology.Taking 2661 high-level scientific and technological talents who won the national S&T awards from 2000 to 2019 as the research subjects,this paper analyzes the mobility path of the high-end talent group from birth,education to achievement,and summarizes the mobility pattern of scientific and technological talents in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,the Yangtze River Delta,and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.Firstly,our results show that the talent flow in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region presents a“single core attraction”pattern.The inbound mobility rates of national S&T awards winners in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region are mostly higher than those in the other two regions.Beijing lured the majority of award winners from both inside and outside the region through its clusters of high-quality universities,research institutes and high-tech enterprises.While the reverse talent flows from Beijing to Tianjin and to Hebei,as well as the talent flow between Tianjin and Hebei are not smooth.Secondly,we find that the talent flow in the Yangtze River Delta appears to be a“self-produced and sold”pattern.The internal flow rates of national S&T awards winners in the Yangtze River Delta are significantly higher than those in the other two regions.The talent flows in Jiangsu,Zhejiang,and Shanghai are all highly localized.Roughly a third of the award winners born in Jiangsu,Zhejiang,and Shanghai finally resettled in the same province,while half of the award winners educated in these three provinces finally stayed to work in the same province.As a result,the talent flow among Jiangsu,Zhejiang and Shanghai is less frequent than the flow inside each province.Talents in Anhui exhibit a different mobility pattern than the rest of the Yangtze River Delta.Anhui has an outbound mobility pattern,and the talent flow between Anhui and the rest of the Yangtze River Delta is week.Lastly,the talent flow in the Greater Bay Area presents an“innovation attraction”pattern.The majority of national S&T awards winners working in the Greater Bay Area were born or educated in other regions.Besides,the Greater Bay Area has the privilege to attract overseas talents.However,the talent flow between Guangdong and Hong Kong faces significant hurdles.Overall,three regions have to overcome similar challenges to achieve talent integration.There are different degrees of localized flow of scientific and technological talents in these three regions,and the talent flows within regions are unbalanced and unobstructed.They have to reduce the adverse effects caused by localized talent flows in most provinces.To realize the integrated development of talents in different regions,we suggest that the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region should transform the talent mobility pattern into a“single core spillover”pattern which highlights Beijing’s role of radiation to other parts of the region.The Yangtze River Delta is encouraged to develop an“internal circulation”talent mobility pattern while the Greater Bay Area is recommended to adopt a“combined attraction”talent mobility pattern.