论先秦工匠精神形成的文化氛围

The Spirit of Craftsmanship and the Cultural Atmosphere of the Pre-Qin Period

先秦社会并不像其后的社会那样贬低工匠及其技术活动。“圣人创物”不仅表明早期先民对劳动的尊重和对发明创造者的尊崇,也为工匠的造物活动树立了榜样,影响着工匠对自身职业的认知。“工执艺事以谏”一方面表明工匠的社会地位不低,另一方面与“圣人创物”的观念相契合,共同形成一种有利于工匠精神形成的文化氛围。诸子百家对待工匠及其技术活动的态度虽有不同,但基本上都是在一定范围内予以肯定。工匠精神得以产生与社会对工匠及其技术活动的这种肯定密切相关。

In pre-Qin society,craftsmen and their technical pursuits were not devalued as they were in later societies.The ancient concept of the"sages'creation"reflects the early reverence for labor and highlights the esteem for inventors and creators,serving as a model for craftsmen and thereby shaping their perception of their own profession.The practice of craftsmen advising based on their expertise"indicates the elevated social status of craftsmen and aligns with the notion of the sages'creation,collectively fostering a cultural atmosphere conducive to the spirit of craftsmanship.Although the Hundred Schools of Thought had varied attitudes toward craftsmen and their technical activities,they were generally positive.The development of the spirit of craftsmanship is closely related to a society's recognition and affirmation of craftsmen and their technical pursuits.