我国地热清洁取暖产业现状与展望

Status and Prospects of Geothermal Clean Heating Industry in China

地热作为一种可再生清洁能源,是清洁取暖最具竞争力的能源之一。开发利用地热能源对于国家能源结构调整、节能减排和改善环境具有重要的现实意义,并能产生深远的影响。近20年来,我国地热取暖规模增速显著,地热直接利用总量位居世界第一。然而,目前的发展远远不能满足我国清洁取暖不断增长的需求,未来地热取暖市场潜力巨大。但是,在地热清洁取暖推进过程中,也产生了一系列问题,包括管理政策不完善、发展方向不明确、人才储备不足等。本文在分析我国地热资源特征和地热取暖利用现状的基础上,指出应当加强顶层设计,完善管理政策,坚持"热电并举、西电东热;深浅结合,由浅及深;干湿有度,先湿后干;天地合一,动静结合"的开发方向,加强人才培养。

As a renewable and clean energy source,geothermal is one of the most competitive energy sources for clean heating.The development and utilization of geothermal energy is of great practical significance for the adjustment of the national energy structure,energy conservation and emission reduction and improvement of the environment,and can produce important impact.In the past 20 years,the proportion of geothermal heating in China has increased significantly.The total amount of direct geothermal heat utilization ranks first in the world.However,the current development is far from meeting the growing demand for clean heating in China,and the future geothermal heating market has great potential.However,the process of promoting geothermal clean heating has also generated a series of problems,including imperfect management policies,unclear development direction,lack of talent,etc.On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of China􀆳s geothermal resources and the current situation of geothermal heating,this paper points out that the top-level design should be strengthened,management measures should be improved,and the development ideas of“combined heat and power,west electricity and east heat;combined deep and shallow,from shallow to deep;combined dry and hydrothermal,from hydrothermal to dry;combined solar,wind and geothermal”should be clarified to improve the talent reserve.