两种捕食螨对苹果园叶螨的控制效果

Control of leaf mites by two predatory mites in apple orchards

【目的】以螨治螨是害虫生物防治的一个重要部分,也是果园害虫生态控制的重要措施。通过在苹果园人为释放捕食螨的方法,定量分析加州新小绥螨Neoseiulus californicus(McGregor)和东方钝绥螨Amblyseiusorientalis(Ehara)对苹果园2种害螨(苹果全爪螨Panonychusulmi(Koch)和山楂叶螨TetranychusviennensisZacher)捕食效果,为开展果园害虫生态调控提供科学依据。【方法】于2019年5-10月份在胶东半岛烟台市牟平区果园中释放加州新小绥螨和东方钝绥螨,比较分析释放捕食螨区域与对照苹果树上苹果全爪螨和山楂叶螨种群数量的变化。【结果】2种捕食螨均能适应当地果园生态环境,释放后能够迅速发挥控害作用。其中,加州新小绥螨对叶螨的控制作用达到84.8%-100%,东方钝绥螨对叶螨的控制作用达到90%-100%,且东方钝绥螨的防治效果略优于加州新小绥螨。【结论】加州新小绥螨和东方钝绥螨2种捕食螨在胶东半岛对苹果叶螨防控效果比较理想,均可作为苹果园叶螨生物防治的天敌。

[Objectives]Using predatory mites to control plant leaf mites is standard biological-control practice and also an important method in pest ecosystem-control.We quantitatively analyzed the effect of 2 kinds of predatory mites,Neoseiulus californicus(McGregor)and Amblyseius orientalis(Ehara)on the abundance of plant leaf mites,including Panony chusulmi(Koch)and Tetranychus viennensis Zacher.[Methods]The two predatory mites were released on apple trees from May to October 2019.[Results]Both species of predatory mites adapted to the ecological environment of the orchard and easily controlled leaf mites;the control efficiency of N.californicus(McGregor)was 84.8%-100%and that of A.orientalis(Ehara)was 90%-100%.[Conclusion]The 2 species of predatory mites are ideal biological control agents for leaf mites in apple orchards in Shandong province.