不同波长LED诱虫灯对菜地昆虫的诱集效果

Effectiveness of different wavelength LED insect lamp traps in vegetable fields

【目的】研究不同波长窄波段光谱LED诱虫灯对菜地昆虫的诱集效果,为合理利用LED诱虫灯提供依据。【方法】以市售长波紫外线太阳能LED诱虫灯为对照,调查12个窄波段光谱诱虫灯诱集菜地昆虫的种类和数量,监测菜地昆虫的发生动态。【结果】各波长诱虫灯诱集到的菜地趋光性害虫有莲藕潜叶摇蚊Stenochironomus nelumbus、甜菜白带野螟Hymenia recurvalis、斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura、八点广翅蜡蝉Ricania speculum、稻绿蝽Nezara viridula、黑条灰灯蛾Creatonotus gangis、东方蝼蛄Gryllotalpa orientalis、稻缘蝽Leptocorisa sp.和瓜实蝇Bactrocera cucurbitae,天敌昆虫为龟纹瓢虫Propylaea japonica、中华婪步甲Harpalus sinicus和黄足猎蝽Sirthenea flavipes,中性昆虫为缅甸蓝叶蚤Altica birmanensis、姬牙虫Sternolophus rufipes、毒隐翅虫Paederus sp.和齿甲Uloma sp.。其中,莲藕潜叶摇蚊、甜菜白带野螟和缅甸蓝叶蚤为灯下昆虫优势种,瓜实蝇、稻缘蝽和黄足猎蝽为少见种,其余为常见种。从诱集昆虫总量来看,数量最多的为440-445 nm蓝光灯,其次是460-470、390-400、410-420、380-390和450-460 nm诱虫灯。【结论】露地种植模式下菜地害虫的防治应结合菜地昆虫发生动态,在不同时段适时使用390-400、410-420、440-445和450-460nm诱虫灯,以有效诱杀菜地害虫,保护天敌昆虫。该研究结果不仅为露地种植模式下菜地害虫的预测预报和物理防控提供了参考,还为规范诱虫灯使用,为进一步开发高效智能LED诱虫灯奠定了基础。

[Objectives]To provide a useful reference for the rational use of Light-Emitting Diode(LED)insect lamp traps for pest control in open vegetable fields.[Methods]The species and quantity of insects trapped by twelve different narrow-spectrum LED lamp-traps and the trapping dynamics of insects captured,were recorded and compared.A commercially available long wave ultraviolet(UV)LED insect-trapping lamp was used as a control.[Results]Nine phototactic insect pests(Stenochironomus nelumbus,Hymenia recurvalis,Spodoptera litura,Ricania speculum,Nezara viridula,Creatonotus gangis,Gryllotalpa orientalis,Leptocorisa sp.and Bactrocera cucurbitae),three natural enemy insects(Propylaea japonica,Harpalus sinicus and Sirthenea flavipes)and four neutral insects(Altica birmanensis,Sternolophus rufipes,Paederus sp.and Uloma sp.),were collected.S.nelumbus,H.recurvalis and A.birmanensis were the dominant species caught in lamp-traps.B.cucurbitae,Leptocorisa sp.and S.flavipes were rarely captured;all other species were common.Traps could be ranked in terms of the number of insects caught as follows;440-445 nm>460-470 nm>390-400 nm>410-420 nm>380-390 nm>450-460 nm.[Conclusion]The optimum wavelength of lamp trap depends on the trapping dynamics of the targeted insect species.Timely and proper application of lamps with wavelengths of 390-400,410-420,440-445 and 450-460 nm can both effectively control the main insect pests,and reduce the bycatch of their natural enemies,in vegetable fields.These results provide a reference for pest forecasting and the physical control of insect pests,and also lay a foundation for standardizing the use of lamp traps and developing more efficient and intelligent LED lamp traps.