城镇生活污泥产品施用对小白菜肥效和土壤质量的影响

Effects of application of domestic sewage sludge products on Chinese cabbage fertilizer efficiency and soil quality

为促进污泥产品土地利用资源化科学发展及应用,设置0、9、18、27 t/hm^(2)共4个施肥水平,通过单季小白菜农用,研究生物碳土(好氧堆肥)和有机营养土(高级厌氧消化工艺)两种北京城市生活污泥产品对植物肥效和土壤质量的影响。结果表明:有机营养土和生物碳土均能提升小白菜的养分吸收,施肥量越高,全氮吸收量越高,有机营养土、生物碳土的T3处理较CK分别提升23.7%、14.2%;对小白菜重金属吸收的影响很小,未表现出明显的植物重金属富集特征,均满足《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》(GB2762-2017)限值标准;对小白菜的生长具有显著促进作用,在0~27 t/hm^(2)范围内,产量随着施肥梯度不断增加,肥料贡献率不断升高,同施肥梯度下,生物碳土的增产效果优于有机营养土,两种产品最佳施用量均在18~27 t/hm^(2),可维持较高的肥料利用率;有机营养土和生物碳土对土壤全氮、NH_(3)-N、NO^(3-)-N、全磷、有效磷、有机质的提升效果尤为明显,均能对土壤质量的改善起到积极效果;从土壤环境影响来看,在本试验施肥梯度下,除全镉和全铬,其它重金属指标均在各施肥处理土壤中无显著差异,未出现土壤重金属明显累积趋势,满足《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准》(试行)(GB 15618-2018)要求,土壤环境良好。

In order to promote the scientific development and application of land use of sludge products,this article setted a total of 4 fertilization levels of 0,9,18,and 27 t/hm^(2)in this experiment.Through the single-season Chinese cabbage,it studied the effects of two Beijing municipal domestic sludge products on plant fertilizer efficiency and soil quality,which were the biological carbon soil(aerobic composting)and organic nutrient soil(advanced anaerobic digestion process).The results showed:organic nutrient soil and bio-carbon soil could increase the nutrient absorption of Chinese cabbage.The higher the amount of fertilization,the higher the total nitrogen absorption.The T3 treatment of organic nutrient soil and bio-carbon soil compared with CK increased 23.7%and 14.2%respectively;It had little effect on the absorption of heavy metals in Chinese cabbage,and not showed obvious characteristics of plant heavy metal enrichment,and met the limit standards of National food safety standards for contaminants in food(GB 2762-2017);It had a significant promoting effect on the growth of Chinese cabbage.In the range of 0~27 t/hm^(2),the yield and the fertilizer contribution rate increased with the fertilization gradient.Under the same fertilization gradient of the yield,bio-carbon soil was better than organic nutrient soil,the optimal application rate of the two products was between 18~27 t/hm^(2),which could maintain a high fertilizer utilization rate;Organic nutrient soil and bio-carbon soil had particularly significant effects on soil total nitrogen,NH_(3)-N,NO^(3-)-N,total phosphorus,available phosphorus,and organic matter,and both could have a positive effect on the improvement of soil quality;From the perspective of soil environmental impact,under the fertilization gradient in this experiment,except for total cadmium and total chromium,other heavy metal indicators had no significant differences in the soil of each fertilization treatment,and there was no obvious accumulation trend of soil heavy metals,all heavy metals met the requirements of the Soil environmental quality agricultural land the soil pollution risk management and control standards(trial)(GB 15618-2018),the soil environment was good.