水环境中的新型冠状病毒研究进展

Research progress of SARS-CoV-2 in water environment

自COVID-19爆发以来,现有证据表明可在水环境中检测到SARS-CoV-2,引起全球范围内的关注。对于水环境中病毒进行检测和监测是了解和预防病毒的重要手段,因此对近期发表的水环境中SARS-CoV-2的相关研究进行总结。目前水环境中SARS-CoV-2的浓缩方法主要包括膜吸附-洗脱法、絮凝沉淀法、超速离心法、超滤法等,但现有方法的浓缩效果和效率仍不明确,无法进行横向比较,RT-qPCR技术仍是病毒检测的主要技术。指出数学模型不仅可以分析病毒的灭活规律还可预警社区感染情况并推算社区感染人数,现有模型最高理论精度可从两百万人中检测出一例患者。分析表明城镇污水处理厂可保证病毒的有效灭活,但对于农村地区应给予重点关注,提出土地处理技术作为农村污水中病毒辅助处理技术的潜力。

Since the COVID-19 outbreak,there were a series of evidences suggest that SARSCoV-2 can be detected in water environment,which has attracted the attention of all countries in the word.Detection and monitoring of the virus in the water environment is an important means of understand and prevent the virus.Thus,this paper reviewed the recently research on SARS-CoV-2 in water environment.At present,the concentration methods of SARS-CoV-2 in water environment mainly included membrane adsorption-elution,flocculation precipitation,ultracentrifugation,ultrafiltration and so on.However,the concentration effect and efficiency of these methods were still unclear and hard to compare.RT-qPCR was a mainly technique for virus detection.Mathematical model could not only analyze the law of the virus,but also could be used to predict the infection situation and estimate the number of infected people in the community.The highest theoretical accuracy of the model could detect one patient in two million people.Virus removal technologies in urban sewage treatment plants could ensure the inactivation efficacy of virus,but it should be paid more attention in rural areas.The potential of land treatment technology as auxiliary treatment technology of virus in rural areas was proposed.