马克思主义劳动配置理论研究

Research on Marxist Theory of Labor Allocation

针对马克思主义政治经济学不研究资源配置的错误认识,有必要梳理并发展马克思主义劳动配置理论。马克思以劳动价值论作为基础,结合社会再生产运行的比例关系要求,重点考察了包括活劳动与物化劳动在内的社会总劳动的配置问题,其构成马克思主义政治经济学的重要组成部分。由于社会分工导致多种商品生产同时存在,因此社会总劳动必然需要在不同的部门之间进行合理配置。这不仅决定各种商品的价值总量,而且也影响社会整体的经济效率。通过计算发现,扩大再生产条件下的最优劳动配置比例由生产力与生产关系共同决定,而非单纯的技术问题。

In view of the misunderstanding that Marxist political economy does not study resource allocation,it is necessary to sort out and develop Marxist labor allocation theory.Based on the labor theory of value and in combination with the requirements of the proportional relationship of social reproduction operations,Marx focuses on the allocation of social total labor,including living labor and materialized labor,which constitutes an important part of Marxist political economy.Since the social division of labor leads to the simultaneous production of multiple commodities,the total social labor must also be rationally allocated between different departments.This not only determines the amount of value contained in various commodities,but also affects the overall economic efficiency of society.Through calculations,it has been found that the optimal labor allocation ratio under the condition of expanding reproduction is determined jointly by productive forces and production relations,rather than simply a technical problem.