理性与自主:历史视野下的德国大学治理现代化

Rationality and Autonomy:The Modernization of Germany’s University Governance from a Historical Perspective

通过精神和制度两个维度,对18、19世纪德国大学的治理现代化进行研究。精神维度主要考察大学作为社会基本组成单位的自主意识,制度维度主要考察大学作为社会基本行动单位的运行方式。在精神维度,德国大学充分体现了理性与自主的品质,发展了大学的新功能,解决了大学在新时代的合法性问题。在制度维度,德国大学采取了理性有效的组织原则、创建了学术科层制的现代大学治理模式并适当建立了组织边界。德国大学治理问题与德国早期"法治国"的法治背景有关。

This paper did a research on the modernization of Germany’s university governance in the 18 th and 19 th centuries through spiritual and institutional dimensions.The author studied the sense of self-control of a university as a basic integral unit of society,and the governance model of a university as a basic operating unit of society from these two dimensions,respectively.At the spiritual level,German universities fully embodied rationality and autonomy,developed new functions of universities,and established legitimacy of universities in a new era.At the institutional level,German universities adopted rational and effective organizational principles,and established a modern university governance model of academic bureaucracy and appropriate organizational boundaries.The author concludes that Germany’s university governance is related to the background of early Germany as a"state under the rule of law."