强化钙锌奶对某部队战士骨质、训练疲劳度及神经行为能力的影响

Effect of milk fortified with calcium and zinc on bone health,training fatigue and neurobehavioral function in soldiers

目的观察饮用强化钙锌奶后士兵骨质指标、疲劳度指标及神经行为能力的变化。方法选择某部男性士兵103名,年龄18~25岁,按照班建制整群随机分为2组,高钙锌奶组55名,普通奶组48名,均从事技术工作并正常参加体能训练,采用随机双盲对照研究,高钙锌奶组每日饮用强化钙锌奶(含Ca 150 mg/100 g,Zn 1.2 mg/100 g),普通奶组每日饮用普通奶(含Ca 100 mg/100 g,Zn 0.4 mg/100 g),均为每日2袋(每袋227 ml),连续干预12周后,收集血标本指标(血常规、血生化、维生素、骨钙素)、人体成分、骨密度等数据,行疲劳量测评和神经行为学能力评定,并与干预前进行比较。结果共有94名受试者完成研究(高钙锌奶组51名、普通奶组43名),脱落率为8.74%。干预后两组血清骨钙素浓度较干预前均有升高,高钙锌奶组升高幅度更大[(0.59±0.36)ng/ml vs(0.41±0.38)ng/ml,P=0.037];干预后两组骨密度均有提高,但干预前后两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组骨质量较干预前均有提高,高钙锌奶组提高幅度显著高于普通奶组(4.25±6.69 vs 2.03±3.21,P=0.042);主观疲劳评定结果显示,高钙锌奶组疲劳评定总分值在干预后有所下降(4.25±3.12 vs5.14±3.36,P=0.013)。神经行为能力测试中,两组数字译码正确分值在干预后均有提高,高钙锌奶组提升幅度更为显著(7.41±9.53 vs 3.42±9.61,P<0.001)。高钙锌奶组目标追踪平均分值在干预后有所提高,普通奶干预后下降,两组间差异有统计学意义(9.23±24.60 vs-8.92±22.60,P<0.001)。结论每天饮奶可以提高士兵骨质,而强化钙锌奶在骨钙素、骨质量指标上更具优势,并对缓解士兵训练疲劳、提高神经行为能力有一定作用。

Objective To observe the changes of bone health indicators,fatigue index and neurobehavioral function in soldiers after drinking milk fortified with calcium and zinc.Methods A double-blinded,cluster-randomized effectiveness trial was conducted in 103 soldiers who were engaged in technical work and participated in physical training regularly.They were randomly assigned to observation group(n=55,consuming 2 packages[227 ml per package]of milk fortified with 150 mg/100 g Ca and 1.2 mg/100 g Zn)and control group(n=48,regular milk per day,100 mg/100 g Ca,0.4 mg/100 g Zn)according to squad organizational system.After 3 months of continuous intervention,the data of blood specimens(blood routine,blood biochemistry,vitamin,osteocalcin),body composition,bone mineral density,fatigue and neurobehavioral function were collected and assessed.Results A total of 94 subjects completed the study(51 cases in observation group and 43 cases in control group),with a loss rate of 8.74%.After the intervention,the serum osteocalcin concentration in the two groups was higher than that before the intervention,and it increased more significantly in observation group[(0.59±0.36)ng/ml vs(0.41±0.38)ng/ml,P=0.037].Bone mineral density increased in both groups after intervention,but there was no significant difference between the two groups before and after intervention(P>0.05).The bone quality of the two groups was improved when compared with before intervention,and the increase of observation group was significantly higher than that of control group(4.25±6.69 vs 2.03±3.21,P=0.042).The results of fatigue assessment showed that the total score of fatigue assessment decreased in observation group,while it increased in control group after intervention(4.25±3.12 vs 5.14±3.36,P=0.013).The correct score of digit symbol increased after intervention in two groups,and the increase was larger in observation group(7.41±9.53 vs 3.42±9.61,P<0.001).The average score of pursuit aiming increased after intervention in observation group,while it decreased after intervention in control group(9.23±24.60 vs-8.92±22.60,P<0.001).Conclusion Milk consumption daily can improve soldiers’bone quality,while the milk fortified with calcium and zinc has more advantages in osteocalcin and bone quality,and plays a certain role in alleviating soldiers’training fatigue and improving their neurobehavioral function.