民族地区义务教育发展的成就、困难与趋势——兼论公用经费的合理配置

Achievements,Difficulties and Trends in the Development of Compulsory Education in Ethnic Minority Areas

改革开放以来,民族地区义务教育发展取得了巨大的成就,全面实现了普及和免费,质量和水平不断提高;均衡发展工作不断推进,城乡与区域差距逐步缩小;学校管理与教学改革不断深化,人民的教育获得感日益增强。然而,民族地区义务教育发展不均衡的问题仍有待破解,办学条件和教学设备落后的状况还需要改变,教师队伍结构优化和素质提升的任务还很艰巨。展望未来,民族地区义务教育同全国一样,将更加重视教育公平,提升教育质量;更加重视城乡统筹,实现优质均衡;更加重视多样化发展,突出办学特色。为此,必须进一步深化义务教育领域的改革,在民族地区义务教育公用经费的配置方面,需要不断提高公用经费投入的标准,建设和完善学校预算管理制度,改进公用经费拨付与管理模式,建立公用经费绩效评价的管理机制。

Since the reform and opening up,great achievements have been made in the development of compulsory education in ethnic minority areas,the popularization and free of charge have been realized in an all-round way,and the quality and level have been continuously improved;the balanced development work has been continuously promoted,the gap between urban and rural areas and regions has been gradually narrowed;the reform of school management and teaching has been deepened,and the people’s sense of obtaining education has been strengthened day by day.However,the problem of unbalanced development of compulsory education in ethnic minority areas still needs to be solved,the conditions for running schools and the backward teaching equipment still need to be changed,and the task of optimizing the structure and improving the quality of teachers is still very arduous.Looking forward to the future,compulsory education in ethnic minority areas,like the whole country,will pay more attention to educational equity and enhance education quality;pay more attention to urban and rural planning,achieve quality balance;pay more attention to diversified development,highlight the characteristics of running schools.Therefore,we must further deepen the reform in the field of compulsory education.In the allocation of public funds for compulsory education in ethnic minority areas,we need to constantly improve the standards of public funds investment,build and improve the school budget management system,improve the allocation and management mode of public funds,and establish a management mechanism for the performance evaluation of public funds.