自由贸易试验区金融数据出境的治理制度研究——基于“交通枢纽”数据流通制度设计

在中央对自由贸易试验区改革“先行先试”的政策指导下,我国自由贸易试验区可尝试摸索金融数据出境的治理对策。文章通过梳理我国金融数据出境的立法规制,对比部分自贸协定中金融部门数据跨境流动的情况,发现我国相应立法规制体系不足。以上海市自由贸易试验区治理金融数据出境为例,治理措施落地困难、相关规定不合理地突破上位法等问题,极易造成不可控风险威胁国家安全。因此,设计出以金融数据价值目标为导向的“交通枢纽”数据流通制度,能对有出境要求的金融数据有效分流。建议将国内行政法中的比例原则纳入网络安全审查制度,并作为“交通枢纽”数据流通制度的自我完善机制;探索央地合作模式,列明分类分级出境清单,积极拓展对外合作圈以及统一接口标准和明确责任主体。借助自由贸易试验区的改革试点,探索金融数据出境治理制度,将该制度推广至全国,使其在未来国际规则制定中彰显中国智慧、确立先发优势。

Under the guidance of the central policy of"early and pilot implementation"in the reform of the pilot free trade zone,China's pilot free trade zone can try to explore the governance countermeasures of outbound financial data.By combining the legislative regulation of China's outbound financial data,and comparing the cross-border flow of financial sector data in some free trade agreements,this paper finds that the corresponding legislative regulation system is insufficient.Taking the governance of outbound financial data from the Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone as an example,challenges in implementing governance measures and unreasonably exceeding superior legal regulations easily give rise to uncontrollable risks,thus posing a threat to national security.Therefore,a"transport hub"data flow system guided by the value objective of financial data is designed,which can effectively divert financial data with outbound requirements.It is suggested that the principle of proportionality of domestic administrative law should be incorporated into the cybersecurity review system as a self-improvement mechanism of the"transport hub"data flow system.In addition,the exploration of central-local cooperative models,the delineation of a classified and graded outbound list,the active expansion of international cooperation networks,unified interface standards and clarification of responsible entities are recommended.Therefore,through the reform pilot initiatives within the Pilot Free Trade Zones,we can explore the governance framework for the outbound flow of financial data.The system will be extended to the whole country to demonstrate China's wisdom and establish a first-mover advantage in future international rule-making.