化肥减量配施腐植酸及腐熟剂对玉米生长及养分吸收的影响

Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Combined with Humic Acid and Decomposing Agent on Growth and Nutrient Absorption of Maize

化肥减量配施腐植酸及腐熟剂是缓解土壤肥力下降、提高化肥利用率的有效途径,对提高土壤质量、改善生态系统具有重要意义。本试验设置1/2全量化肥(1/2CF)、3/4全量化肥(3/4CF)和全量化肥(CF)分别配施0 mg/kg腐植酸(HA_(0))、250 mg/kg腐植酸(HA_(250))、500 mg/kg腐植酸(HA_(500))和0 mg/kg腐熟剂(V_(0))、100 mg/kg腐熟剂(V_(100))处理,研究其对拔节期和抽雄期玉米植株干重与养分含量的影响,以期为松嫩平原草甸黑土区玉米化学肥料减施技术模式建立提供参考。结果表明,拔节期(CF+V_(0)HA_(250))和(1/2CF+V_(100)HA_(0))处理单株干重较其他处理增加13.4%~220.1%和13.2%~94.4%;抽雄期(CF+V_(0)HA_(250))处理和(3/4CF+V_(100)HA_(0))处理单株干重较其他处理增加27.9%~181.0%和11.5%~82.2%。拔节期(CF+V_(0)HA_(0))、(3/4CF+V_(0)HA_(250))、(CF+V_(100)HA_(500))处理的植株全氮、全磷、全钾含量相对较高;抽雄期(1/2CF+V_(0)HA_(250))处理植株全氮含量显著高于其他处理,(CF+V_(100)HA_(500))处理植株全磷含量显著高于其他处理,(3/4CF+V_(100)HA_(0))处理植株全钾含量显著高于其他处理。综合分析,(CF+V_(0)HA_(250))和(1/2CF+V_(100)HA_(0))的施肥方法可以为松嫩平原草甸黑土区玉米化肥施用提供用量参考和技术指导。

Chemical Fertilizer reduction combined with humic acid fertilizer is an effective pathway to alleviate soil fertility decline and increase fertilizer utilization rate,which is great significant to improve soil quality and ecosystem.In this paper,1/2 total fertilizer(1/2CF),3/4 total fertilizer(3/4CF)and total fertilizer(CF)were applied with 0 mg/kg humic acid(HA_(0)),250 mg/kg humic acid(HA_(250)),500 mg/kg humic acid(HA_(500))and 0 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg decomposing agent on dry matter quality and nutrient content of maize plant at jointing stage and tasseling stage respectively in order to provide reference for establishing technical model of chemical fertilizer reduction in the black soil region of Songnen Plain.The results showed that dry weight of(CF+V_(0)HA_(250))and(1/2CF+V_(100)HA_(0))increased significantly by 13.4%-220.1%and 13.2%-94.4%compared with other treatments at jointing stage.Dry weight of(CF+V_(0)HA_(250))and(3/4CF+V_(100)HA_(0))increased significantly by 27.9%-181.0%and 11.5%-82.2%compared with other treatments at tasseling stage.Total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium contents of(CF+V_(0)HA_(0)),(3/4CF+V_(0)HA_(250))and(CF+V_(100)HA_(500))were relatively high at jointing stage,total nitrogen content of(1/2CF+V_(0)HA_(250))treatment was significantly higher than other treatments,and total phosphorus content of(CF+V_(100)HA_(500))treatment was significantly higher than other treatments,and the total potassium content of(3/4CF+V_(100)HA_(0))treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments at tasseling stage.By comprehensive analysis,(CF+V_(0)HA_(250))and(1/2CF+V_(100)HA_(0))could be considered as suitable complementary measures for the application of chemical fertilizer in the meadow black soil area on Songnen Plain in this study.