企业自生能力与环境污染:新结构经济学视角

Viability and Environmental Pollution:A New Structural Economics Perspective

本文基于新结构经济学视角,放松新古典理论的潜在假设——企业自生能力,初步构建了企业自生能力与环境污染的分析框架,识别出二者的环境治理机制、环境约束机制和技术进步机制,提出相关的研究假说。并利用省级层面和行业层面的面板数据,进行实证检验。研究结果表明:企业缺乏自生能力程度越大,环境污染越严重。在选取“离受威胁地最短距离”作为企业自生能力的工具变量进行内生性处理,以及考虑环境污染的时间滞后性和空间外溢性等进行稳健性检验后,该结果依然成立。机制检验表明,企业缺乏自生能力,会使得环境治理投入不足,造成环境软约束以及抑制技术进步,从而加剧环境污染。因此,若要解决发展中国家和转型国家的环境污染问题,首要的是解决企业的自生能力问题,这就需要将目标定位在要素禀赋结构的提升上。而为了提升要素禀赋结构,政府的发展战略选择就需要遵循比较优势的原则。

This paper bases on the perspective of new structural economics.We loosen the underlying hypothesis of neoclassical theory,the viability of enterprises,to construct an analytical framework of viability of enterprises and environmental pollution.We also identify the mechanisms of environmental governance,environmental constraint and technological progress.Then we implement empirical tests based on province-and industry-level panel data.The results show that:The greater the deficiency of viability of enterprises,the more serious the environmental pollution will be.The results are still robust after selecting the"minimum distances from threat"as an instrumental variable of the viability and considering the robustness tests of time lag and spatial spillover of environmental pollution.The mechanism tests show that lacking viability will make the government investment of environmental governance insufficient,leading to loosed environmental constraints and inhibited technological progress thus to exacerbated environmental pollution.Therefore,in order to solve the environmental pollution in developing or transition countries,the primary task is to improve the viability of enterprises,which needs to be targeted at upgrading the factor endowment structure.Consequently,the development strategies of governments should follow the principle of comparative advantage.