数字普惠金融、信贷可得性与居民贫困减缓——来自中国家庭调查的微观证据

Digital Financial Inclusion, Credit Availability and Household Poverty: Evidence from a Micro-Level Survey

本文从微观视角探讨了数字普惠金融发展对居民贫困的影响。研究发现:无论是以日人均消费支出1.9美元(3.1美元)的静态贫困指标还是贫困脆弱性这一动态指标衡量,数字普惠金融的发展均能显著降低居民贫困的发生。具体来看,数字普惠金融发展主要通过增加信贷可得性、促进收入增长和缩小收入差距机制减缓居民贫困。而且,数字普惠金融发展的减贫作用呈先恶化后改善的效应,并具有显著的时滞性。对于人力资本越高的家庭,数字普惠金融越能发挥减贫作用;而对于收入越低、社会资本越匮乏、健康状况越差的家庭,数字普惠金融的减贫效应越显著,与数字普惠金融发展的初衷一致。

This paper analyzes the impact of digital financial inclusion on household poverty from the micro perspective.The results show that whatever we adopt the poverty line of 1.9 dollar(3.1 dollars)per capita daily consumption expenditure or the dynamic indicator of poverty vulnerability,digital financial inclusion can significantly reduce the probability of resident poverty.Digital financial inclusion will alleviate household poverty by promoting the credit availability,improving income growth and narrowing income gap.And the poverty reduction effect of digital financial inclusion will first deteriorate then gradually improve,and present significant time delay effect.The higher the level of human capital is,the more digital financial inclusion can reduce poverty;and for low-income,weak social capital,poor health families,digital financial inclusion will have a significant effect on poverty reduction,which is consistent with the aim of digital financial inclusion.