长江中游城市群乡村人居环境质量评价及其时空分异

Spatio-temporal Evaluation of Rural Human Settlements Quality and Its Differentiations in Urban Agglomeration in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River

以长江中游城市群的乡村区域为研究案例,构建包括生产空间子系统、生活空间子系统、生态空间子系统的乡村人居环境质量综合评价指标体系,综合运用ArcGIS空间分析和数理统计方法对31市乡村人居环境质量进行测度和评价。结果表明:(1)整体上,长江中游城市群乡村人居环境质量空间分布呈现从集聚到松散的态势,空间依赖性不明显;2000年以来,乡村人居环境建设成效显著,其质量测评在空间演变上呈现东南部相对下降、西北部逐渐上升的趋势。(2)从乡村人居环境系统内部来看,生产空间子系统发展水平总体上升,子系统得分为一般及以上级别的地区其空间分布的重心已从南部转向西部;生活空间子系统发展水平总体稳步上升,呈现由南高北低向分散式发展的空间转变;生态空间子系统得分增长率较低且多为负向增长,时间尺度上呈正U型发展态势,空间上保持南高北低的分布特征。(3)乡村人居环境综合质量的时空分异与国家政策导向、地方经济发展水平等因素具有深层的关联性。从经济发展水平、农户主体行为、生态环境建设视角提出乡村人居环境整治建议,旨在构建美丽宜居乡村。

Taking the rural areas of 31 cities in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River as the research area,this study constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system of rural human settlement environment from the perspective of living-production-ecological space which involves production-space subsystem,living-space subsystem and ecologicalspace subsystem.Based on ArcGIS spatial analysis method and mathematical statistics method,it measures and evaluates the rural human settlements in different areas.Three highlight results are unveiled:Firstly,it shows a variation on the spatial distribution of comprehensive quality of rural human settlements in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,which is from the agglomeration-type spatial distribution to the looseness-type,and the spatial dependence is unobvious.The construction of rural human settlements has achieved remarkable results since 2000,the comprehensive quality of rural human settlements presents the unbalanced spatial distribution,which is on downward trend in the southeast of research area and on upward trend in the northwest.Secondly,the development level of production-space subsystem is generally rising from the perspective of each subsystem of rural human settlement environment,and the gravity center of spatial distribution of production space subsystem has shifted from the south to the west in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.The overall development level of living-space subsystem has steadily increased,showing a spatial pattern change from high in the south and low in the north to the sacttered distribution.The growth rate of the score of the ecologicalspace subsystem is low and most of them show negative growth,the development trend presents positive U-shaped characteristic in the time scale and the distribution characteristic of high in the south and low in the north in the spatial scale.Thirdly,the spatial and temporal differentiation of the comprehensive quality of rural human settlement environment has related to the national policy orientation and the level of local economic development.This paper puts forward the suggestion of the quality improvement of rural living environment from the perspective of economic development level,farmer’s main behavior,and ecological environment construction,which aims to build a beautiful and livable countryside.