反垄断视阈下专利许可不公平高价的违法性认定问题研究

Research on the Determination of Illegality of Unfair and High Prices of Patent Licensing from the Anti-Monopoly Perspective

专利许可系一种合法垄断权,但如以不公平高价来排除或限制竞争则有可能触犯反垄断法。关于反垄断规制的介入及违法性认定标准,目前司法实践中较为流行的“两阶段测试法”与“混合因素评估法”,虽然能为专利许可不公平高价问题提供初步的分析框架,但其依然存在价格基准何以确定、因素权重何以衡量、法律衔接如何明断、SEP标准如何评估等多重困境。据此,本文针对性地提出坚守谨慎合理的反垄断规则适用理念、明晰价格基准的适用标准与典型样态、进一步完善动态竞争损害标准的指引、积极构建SEP许可的价格形成机制等建议,以期推动《反垄断法》适用下专利许可不公平高价问题的研究和应对。

Patent licensing is a legal monopoly,but if competition is excluded or restricted at an unfairly high price,it may violate antitrust laws.About intervention in anti-monopoly regulations and standards for determining illegality,although the popular“two-stage testing method”and“mixed factor evaluation method”based on the introduction of judicial practices and norms can provide a preliminary analysis framework for the problem of excessively high patent licensing,there are still questions and dilemmas about how to determine the price benchmark,weigh the factors,determine the legal connection,and evaluate the SEP standard.Accordingly,this article puts forward suggestions such as adhering to the application concept of cautious and reasonable anti-monopoly rules,clarifying the applicable standards and typical patterns of price benchmarks,further improving the guidelines of dynamic competitive damage standards,and actively building a price formation mechanism for SEP licensing,in order to promote the research and response to the unfair and high price of patent licensing under the application of the Anti-monopoly Law.