“VA结了”式肯定祈使句

"VAle(了)"Positive Imperative Sentence

一般地说,现代汉语祈使句在要求别人做什么的时候句末语气助词用"吧",在要求别人不做什么的时候用"了"。本文考察讨论现代汉语口语里的一种由动结式VA后带语气助词"了"造成的肯定祈使句,简称"VA结了"式肯定祈使句。"VA结了"式肯定祈使句通常以"VA了"结尾,表示要求听话人做什么,强调动作行为要实现某种结果。最值得关注的是句末的这个"了",文章运用汉语里相关事实论证这个"了"不是表祈使语气,不是表时态,而是表情况出现。文章还指出:引进吸收西方语言学情态理论有必要进一步本土化,当前汉语语法研究中"情态"的所指和涵义有待清晰明确地界定。

Generally speaking,when asking others to do something in modern Chinese imperative sentence,the sentence-final modal particle"ba(吧)"is used,while asking others not to do something,"le(了)".Chinese imperative sentences generally end with the modal particle"ba(吧)"when used to ask others to do something,while"le(了)"when used to ask other not to do something.This article discusses the positive imperative sentences of"VA le(了)"structure.The study shows that"VA le(了)"is usually at the end of a positive imperative sentence,which is used to ask the listener to do something,and emphasize the achievement of a certain result.Based on related facts in Chinese,it is demonstrated that,instead of showing imperative mood or tense,"le(了)"in this case means the occurring of some situation.This article also suggests that western modal theory should be further indigenized when used in studying Chinese and the connotation of"modality"in present Chinese grammar research should be clearly defined.