生产力发展与市场经济体制下社会公平效率矛盾的转化——基于政治经济学行为实验的研究

Conversion of Contradictions between Social Equity and Social Efficiency under Market Economy System with Productivity Development—A Study Based on Political Economics Behavior Experiments

经济实验的发现性语言对社会公平效率矛盾的研究具有独特价值,它可以更为清晰地揭示生产力发展带来社会再生产运行公平效率矛盾变化的具体过程。生产力和生产关系的相互作用是马克思主义历史唯物论的中心,也提供了分析社会再生产的两个维度。本文以实验局设定和实验过程设计对这两方面分别反映,设计了生产力高水平和低水平两个实验局的多轮混合策略最后通牒博弈实验,并发现:在市场经济体制下初次分配过程中,在不存在资本歧视条件下,低生产力水平与高生产力水平社会效率损失原因和公平诉求表达方式具有根本性不同;低生产力水平时,社会公平效率矛盾的中心是市场经济体系下社会再生产的第一个环节——雇佣关系能否达成,公平抗争更多是关乎生存的被动性报复,社会损失频次低但每次损失冲击性都很大;高生产力水平下,社会公平效率矛盾的中心转向市场经济体系下社会再生产的第二个环节——雇佣关系中工人的劳动效率,劳动力所有者面对不公经常会进行主动抗争,社会损失频次高、次均损失小甚至经常不易被察觉,但仍会带来较为严重的整体社会效率损失。基于研究结论,本文从民营企业"公平提升效率"和国有企业"效率推进公平"两个方面分别提出了政策性建议。

The discovery language of economic experiment has unique value to the study of the contradiction of social equity and efficiency.It can more clearly reveal the specific process of the change in the contradiction of social equity and efficiency brought by the development of productive forces.Interaction between productive forces and production relations is the center of the Marxist historical materialism,which provides the two dimensions of social reproduction.Based on the experiment bureau set and the process design,these two aspects are reflected respectively.This paper designs two tests of high level and low level of productive forces with several rounds of the mixed strategy ultimatum game experiment.It is found that:in the initial distribution process under the market economy system,under the condition without capital discrimination,the reasons for the loss of social efficiency and the ways of expression of equity appeal are fundamentally different in the low productivity level and in the high productivity level;when the level of productivity is low,the contradiction between social equity and efficiency is the first link of social reproduction under the market economy system—whether the employment relationship can be reached or not,the fair fight is more about the passive revenge of survival,the frequency of social loss is low but the impact of each loss is large;under the high productivity level,the center of the contradiction of social equity and efficiency turns to the second link of social reproduction under the market economy system—the labor efficiency of workers in the employment relationship.The laborers often take the initiative to fight against unfairness,and the average loss is frequent,small and even not easily detected,but still bring serious social efficiency losses.Based on the experimental res,this paper puts forward two policy suggestions:for private enterprises“equity promotes efficiency”and for state􀆼owned enterprises“efficiency promotes fairness”.