微喷灌水肥一体化下磷钾肥减量分期施用对小麦产量和养分利用的影响

Effects of Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer Application Methods on the Yield and Utilizations of Wheat Through Micro-sprinkler Irrigation

为探究微喷灌水肥一体化条件下小麦氮磷钾肥的合理用量及施用方式,以小麦品种良星99为试验材料,在磷钾肥减量30%和常规施肥量条件下各设置3种施肥方式,以传统大水漫灌撒施肥料的方式及用量为对照(CK),研究磷钾肥减施及施用方式对产量及养分利用的影响。结果表明,常规施肥(CK)相比,微喷灌水肥一体化磷钾肥减施30%(氮肥70%底施+30%拔节期追施、钾肥全部底施、磷肥50%底施+50%拔节期追施)条件下产量提高11.33%,成熟期植株氮、磷、钾积累量分别提高21.86%、10.02%和10.23%。与传统栽培模式及微喷灌常量施肥相比,利用微喷灌水肥一体化技术生育期灌水3次(越冬水+拔节水+灌浆水),灌水量1 500 m^3·hm^-2,磷钾肥减施30%条件下,磷肥50%底施+50%拔节期追施能够提高小麦产量、成熟期植株氮磷钾积累量、偏生产力及产投比。本研究结果为山西省南部小麦节水节肥稳产高效栽培技术提供了理论依据。

In order to explore the reasonable application of phosphorous(P) and potassium(K) through micro-sprinkler irrigation, effects of P and K fertilizer application and application methods on yield of Liangxing 99 and fertilizer utilization were investigated. Three kinds of fertilization methods were set under the conditions of 30% phosphorus and potassium fertilizer reduction and conventional fertilization, and the method and dosage of traditional large-water flood irrigation were used as control(CK). The results showed that under the condition of 30% reduction of P and K fertilizer of micro-sprinkler irrigation, 70% of N fertilizer and 30% of joint application of root fertilizer, all of the bottom of K fertilizer, 50% of P fertilizer and 50% of jointing stage increased N, P and K accumulation and yield of wheat during maturity were 21.86%, 10.02%, 10.23% and 11.33% higher than CK. Compared with the control and the conventional fertilizer rate, the treatment with P and K fertilizer reduced by 30% used at base stage and jointing stage, with irrigation three times including wintering stage, jointing stage and filling stage and irrigation amount of 1500 m^3·hm^-2 through micro-sprinkler irrigation, the wheat yield, the accumulation of N, P and K at mature stage, the partial productivity and the production ratio to investment increased. This study provides a theoretical basis for the efficient cultivation and stable yield of wheat in southern Shanxi Province.