回不去的故乡——《祝福》与1920年代的乡愁

Hometown that Cannot be Returned:“New Year Sacrifice”and Homesickness in 1920s

鲁迅小说《祝福》是借助"我"的视角讲述了一个新的知识者的回乡故事。在"我"的讲述中,故乡成为不变的、残酷的、驱逐异类的乡土共同体,必须被告别。无家的体验是这个回乡故事的核心。这种无家的体验既是1920年代新的知识者的普遍感受,也有鲁迅本人在兄弟失和之后"已没有家"的切肤之痛在其中。由此,1920年代的乡愁诞生,它终结了传统的乡愁。它不是对昔日田园乌托邦的怀旧,而是重归故里的知识分子对现实不满的心理投射。对鲁迅来说,通过故乡和乡愁的书写,他也完成了对故乡和乡土中国作为民族文化载体的启蒙现实的再确认,"回乡"验证的是"没有家","回乡"成了更坚定地告别故乡。

Lu Xun’s novel“New Year Sacrifice”is a story about a new intellectual’s return home from the perspective of"I".In my narration,the hometown has become the unchanging,cruel and alien rural community,which must be bid farewell.The homeless experience is the core of the story.This homeless experience is not only the common feeling of the new intellectuals in 1920 s,but also the pain of Lu Xun’s"no home"after the loss of his brother.Thus,homesickness in 1920 s was born.It ended the traditional homesickness.Therefore,it is not the nostalgia of the old idyllic Utopia,but the psychological projection of the intellectuals who return to their hometown dissatisfied with the reality.For Lu Xun,through the writing of his hometown and homesickness,he also reconfirmed the enlightenment reality of his hometown and rural China as the carrier of national culture."Returning home"verified"no home"and has become a more determined farewell to hometown.