秘鲁古代文明与华夏文明獠牙神面比较研究

A Comparative Study of Fanged Deity Masks of the Ancient Peruvian Civilization and the Chinese Civilization

本文较系统地梳理了秘鲁古代文明和华夏文明中獠牙神面的产生、发展和衰落的过程,并对两个文明中的獠牙神面进行了比较研究,发现两个文明中的獠牙神面不仅形态上相似,且都是萨满教信仰的产物。萨满教信仰体系中最重要的角色是巫师,巫师在致幻剂的作用下与神灵和动物转换角色,沟通天地人神与万物。本文提出具有人兽合一特征的獠牙神面是巫师角色转化的最终形态,是萨满教中神、巫、王三位一体的具象化表达。秘鲁古代文明和华夏文明中獠牙神面高度相似是“玛雅—中国文化连续体”向南美延续的一个有力实证。獠牙神面上的獠牙是借用了虎的獠牙来表达人类所不具备的超自然神力。

This paper,after a systematic review of the birth,development and decline of fanged deity masks of the ancient Peruvian civilization and the Chinese civilization and a comparative study of these masks,discovers that the masks of these two civilizations are not only similar in form but also products of Shamanism.The most important person in Shamanism is the sorcerer who,under the influence of hallucinogen,switches roles with deities and animals and communicates with the heaven,earth,deities and everything.This paper puts forward the theory that the fanged deity mask that possesses the charac teristic of the unity of humans and animals is the ultimate form of the sorcerer’s role trans formation and is the visualization of the Shamanistic trinity of deity,sorcerer and monarch.The similarity between the fanged deity masks of the ancient Peruvian civilization and the Chinese civilization is a well-grounded proof of the“Maya-Chinese cultural continuum”extending to South America.The fangs on the mask have borrowed those of tigers to express the supernatural power that humans do not possess.