母乳中典型环境污染物及其对新生儿健康影响的研究进展

Typical environmental pollutants in human milk and its impact on newborns:a review of recent studies

母乳对新生儿的免疫及消化系统等有积极影响,可为新生儿提供被动免疫,帮助建立肠道黏膜免疫系统及预防感染。随着工业社会的发展,环境污染物日渐增多,母乳因其脂含量高,易于富集持久性有机污染物和重金属,成为评价环境质量及对新生儿健康影响的有效生物样本,成为医学与环境科学交叉研究热点。笔者对母乳中典型环境污染物暴露途径以及对新生儿的危害等研究进行综述,在肯定母乳价值的同时对降低母乳中环境污染对儿童的影响提出展望。

Human milk has positive effects on the immune system and digestive system of newborns,which can provide passive immunity and help to establish intestinal mucosal immune system and protects newborns from infection. With the development of industrial society,the number and variety of poisonous and harmful pollutants in environment are increasing rapidly. Due to the high lipid content,easy accumulation of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants,human milk is an effective biological sample for evaluating the environmental quality and its impact on the health of newborns,which is one of the research hot-spots in the interdisciplinary research of medicine and environmental science. This review summarized the exposure routes and levels of typical environmental pollutants in human milk,as well as their hazards on the health of newborns. Therefore,it confirms the value of human milk and presents an outlook of reducing the environmental exposure risk of children.