山东省农田土壤中拟除虫菊酯类农药污染特征与风险评价

Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of pyrethroid pesticides in agricultural soil in Shandong Province

在山东省范围内采集农田表层土壤样品91个,采用气相色谱法分析了7种拟除虫菊酯类农药(SPs)的含量和组成,分析了其分布特征,比较了大田土壤和大棚土壤中该类农药含量的差异,并评价了其生态风险.结果表明,7种拟除虫菊酯类农药总含量(∑7SPs)范围在0.01—88.51μg·kg-1之间,均值为5.65μg·kg-1.与国内其他地区农田土壤相比,山东省农田土壤中拟除虫菊酯含量处于中等偏低水平.山东省各地区的拟除虫菊酯含量存在差异,但组成相近,均是高效氯氟氰菊酯、联苯菊酯和氯氰菊酯的比例较高.部分地区大棚土壤中的含量高于大田土壤.风险评价结果表明,山东省农田土壤个别采样点中甲氰菊酯和高效氯氟氰菊酯具有生态风险,三分之一的采样点存在潜在生态风险,其余采样点不存在生态风险.

Ninety-one samples of agricultural surface soil were collected in Shandong Province. The content and composition of seven pyrethroid pesticides were analyzed by gas chromatography, and the distribution characteristics were analyzed. The contents of these pesticides in the field soil and greenhouse soil were compared and the ecological risks were evaluated. The results showed that the total contents of 7 pyrethroids ranged from 0.01 to 88.51 μg·kg-1 with an average of 5.65 μg·kg-1. The contents of pyrethroids in the agricultural soil in Shandong Province were lower than those in other areas. There were differences in the contents of pyrethroids in different regions of Shandong Province, but the composition was similar. Lambda-cyhalothrin, biphenthrin and cypermethrin were the dominant species. The contents of pyrethroids in the greenhouse soil were higher than those in the field soil in some areas. The results of risk assessment showed that fenpropathrin and lambda-cyhalothrin in some samples presented ecological risk. One third of the soil samples presented potential ecological risk, and the rest of the samples had no ecological risk.