典型人冠状病毒的环境行为及传播方式

Environmental behavior and transmission of representative human coronaviruses

过去二十年来,冠状病毒引起的严重传染性疾病时有发生,急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)引起的重症急性呼吸综合征(SARS)、中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(MERS-CoV)引起的中东呼吸综合征(MERS)以及新型呼吸道冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)引发的严重新冠肺炎(COVID-19)疫情,均对公共卫生防控形成巨大挑战.尤其是正在发生的COVID-19疫情,更是遍及全球,造成严重的健康危害和巨大的经济损失.本文总结了几种典型高致病性人冠状病毒在大气、水和土壤环境中的行为特征及主要传播方式,为进一步了解冠状病毒的传播能力和风险提供科学依据.尽管现在仍有新的认识不断出现,探讨SARS-CoV-2冠状病毒环境行为及传播方式,可为疫情控制和冠状病毒污染医疗垃圾等废弃物的处理提供科学指导,具有重要的现实意义.

Severe infectious diseases caused by coronavirus have occurred occasionally in the past two decades. The severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS) caused by SARS-CoV, the Middle East respiratory syndrome(MERS) caused by MERS-CoV, and the corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 have posed a huge threat to global public health. In particular, the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic has spread around the world, causing huge losses to the people′s health and global economy. Herein, we summarized the environmental behavior and transmission modes of some representative human coronaviruses in the air, water, and soil environment. This would provide scientific knowledge for further understanding the spread ability of the viruses and the related health risks. Although there are more to be continually explored, the currently-available information on the environmental behavior and transmission of coronavirus would be of great help for guiding the prevention and control of ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.