餐厨垃圾处理过程气体除臭技术进展

PROGRESS OF GAS DEODORIZATION TECHNOLOGY IN FOOD WASTE TREATMENT PROCESS

简述了餐厨垃圾处理过程臭气产生的种类及浓度,介绍了化学洗涤法、生物滤池法、光催化法、植物液喷雾或洗涤法、活性炭吸附法及等离子法等臭气治理技术。化学洗涤法需平衡次氯酸钠氧化电位ORP与循环液的pH;生物滤池可考虑餐厨水处理的硝化池清液降低生物菌种的维护难度;光催化法需严格控制湿度、停留时间、流速、紫外灯及TiO_(2)覆膜的数量和品质;植物液喷雾或洗涤法需开发高效、低成本的植物液药剂并给定可操作性的关联指标;活性炭吸附法需严格控制臭气的湿度、减少水气的吸附、提高不溶于水的VOC的吸附能力;等离子法需提高臭气的脱除效率、降低投资成本和运行成本、减少尾气中的二次污染物。工程应用中常采用“化学洗涤+生物滤池+其他除臭”的组合式工艺以达到环保指标。

The types and concentrations of odor generated in the process of food waste treatment were briefly described.And the odor control technologies such as chemical washing,biofilter,photocatalysis,plant liquid spray or washing,activated carbon adsorption and plasma were introduced.Firstly,the oxidation potential ORP of sodium hypochlorite solution and the pH of circulating solution need to be considered to be balanced when chemical washing method is used.Secondly,the clear liquid from the nitrification tank for the treatment of kitchen water can be considered to reduce the maintenance difficulty of biological bacteria when the biological filter method is adopted.And the humidity,residence time,flow rate,quantity and quality of UV lamp and TiO_(2)coating should be strictly considered when using photocatalytic technology.In addition,the development of high-efficiency and low-cost plant liquid medicament and the determination of relevant parameters for operability need to be paid attention to when the plant liquid spray or washing method is adopted.Especially,strictly controlling the humidity of odor,reducing the adsorption of water vapor and improving the adsorption capacity of water insoluble VOC should be considered when using activated carbon adsorption method.Lastly,attention should be paid to improving odor removal efficiency,reducing investment and operation costs and reducing secondary pollutants in tail gas when plasma method is adopted.Thus,the combined process of"chemical washing+biological filter+other deodorization"is often used in engineering practice to achieve environmental protection indicators.