董事谨慎义务:从信义法回归

Directors'Duty of Care:Returning from Fiduciary Law

谨慎是注意之一部。董事谨慎义务的实质是要求董事在知情的基础上行事,保证决策过程中行为方式的质量。在英美法中,董事谨慎义务应属普通法上的义务,与所谓信义关系并无内在联系。董事谨慎义务可以融入合同法以及侵权法。将董事谨慎义务纳入所谓独立的信义法并以各种衡平救济措施严格执行实不妥当。民法法域处理董事与公司关系的方式与英美衡平法大不相同,日本和我国台湾地区尤然。鉴于我国的既有法律资源和体系,我国《公司法》的董事谨慎义务应当从信义法回归到民法规则和原则。

The essence of directors'duty of care is that the directors should act on an informed basis in order to maintain the quality of behavior in the decision-making process.The duty is an obligation under common law and has no inherent connection with the so-called fiduciary relationship.It can be integrated into contract law and tort law.It is not reasonable to incorporate the duty into the so-called independent fiduciary law and strictly enforce it with various equitable remedies.The way of dealing with the relationship between directors and companies in civil law jurisdictions is quite different from that in equity,especially in Japan and Taiwan,China.Given the existing legal resources and legal system in China,the duty of care of directors in China's corporate law should return from fiduciary law to the rules and principles of civil law.