司法权力运行模式的选择及重构

The Choice and Reconstruction of Judicial Power Operation Models

司法机关的权力运行主要规范模式有两类:其一,分工制约模式,其二,业务中心模式,以业务为中心还存在侦查及审判两类中心。这两种模式都存在难以解决的矛盾,从而导致司法权力的运行出现三个主要问题。中国的司法权力处于与西方“三权分立”有根本差异的国家权力结构中,因此司法机关的权力呈现出业务职能与政治功能相结合的特征。从中国司法权力运行的基本逻辑出发来看,业务中心模式是对分工制约模式的演化而非放弃。由于司法机关的业务职能与政治功能的区分,就导致需要对传统的分工制约模式的内涵基于国家权力结构体系进行重构。这样才能在根本上解决当前司法权运行的主要问题,最终形成全新内涵的“分工、配合、制约”模式。

There are two main normative modes for the operation of judicial power:one is the model of division of labor and restriction,the other is the model of business center.These two modes are characterized by insoluble contradictions,leading to three main problems in the operation of judicial power.Chinese judicial power is in a state power structure which is fundamentally different from that of the western separation of powers,so the power of the judiciary is characterized by the combination of its operational and political functions.From the perspective of the basic logic of the operation of judicial power in China,the business-centered model is an evolution rather than an abandonment of the division of labor constraints model.The distinction between the operational and political functions of the judiciary has led to the need to reconfigure the connotations of the traditional division of labor constraint model based on the national power structure system.Only in this way we can fundamentally solve the main problems in the operation of judicial power,and finally form a new connotation of the“division of labor,cooperation and restriction”model.