“三权分置”视域下集体所有制的权能结构与权利派生

The Structure and Derivation of Rights of Collective Ownership in the Perspective of “Tripartite Rural Land Entitlement”

“权能分离”论不能有效解释集体所有制内部权利生成的特殊性。在集体所有制下,集体土地权能的动态调整引起了产权结构的模糊性,而模糊的产权结构又否定了“权能分离”论的适用性。结合公有制实现形式可知,“集体——成员”之间的产权分割是一种“权能内生”状态,而不是非此即彼的“权能分离”状态。申言之,其又表现为权能配置的层次性、权能分割的动态性以及权能界定的身份性。若依据该理论匹配中国的农村土地制度改革可知,“包产到户”改革是“权能内生”引致“权能分离”的结果,而“三权分置”改革是“权能分离”引致“权能内生”的结果。故此,集体所有制的权利派生分为“权能内生”和“权能分离”两个层次,两者之间的相互配合构成了集体所有制权能结构和权利派生的完整图谱。

The theory of“separation of rights”cannot effectively explain the particularity of collective ownership.Under the collective ownership system,the dynamic adjustment of collective land rights causes the ambiguity of the property rights structure.The fuzzy property rights structure negates the applicability of the theory of“separation of rights”.Combined with the realization form of public ownership,it can be seen that the division of property rights between“collective-members”is a state of“endogenous rights”rather than a state of“separation of rights”.In other words,it is manifested in the hierarchical nature of rights allocation,the dynamic nature of rights division and the identity of rights definition.If this theory matches the reform of China rural land system,it can be seen that the reform of“Bao Chan Dao Hu”is the result of“endogenous rights”leading to“separation of rights”and the reform of“separation of rights”is the result of“separation of rights”leading to“internal rights”.Therefore,the derivation of rights of collective ownership is divided into two levels:“endogenous rights”and“separation of rights”.The cooperation between the two forms a complete map of the structure and derivation of rights of collective ownership.