优化营商环境视域下我国商事司法制度优化路径探析

Research on the Optimal Path of China’s Commercial Judicial System from the Perspective of Optimizing Business Environment

优化营商环境的核心在于激发市场主体活力,活跃社会主义市场经济,助力我国经济高质量发展。作为权利救济最终途径的商事司法对于保障市场主体合法权利、维护市场秩序至关重要,也是构建法治化营商环境的题中之义。市场主体因其具有的“营商”特性,对商事司法有着较高的自治性、专业化、高效性的期望,也对我国长期施行的“民商合一”司法制度提出改革完善的要求。从域外比较法来看,许多国家就民、商事司法区别设置了不同的审判机构和诉讼程序。其中,法国商事司法制度是西方各国中历史最为悠久、最具特色且最完备的制度之一,通过一系列强化当事人意思自治的规则设置,增强市场主体的积极性和参与度,提高司法效率和市场活力。将从商事案件裁判机构、审判人员和诉讼程序几个方面,在对域外经验进行详细考察和比较研究的基础上,立足本国实际,探究我国商事司法制度的完善路径。

The core of optimizing the business environment is to stimulate the vitality of market players,invigorate the socialist market economy and facilitate high-quality economic development.As the final way of right relief,commercial judicature is of great importance to protect the legal rights of market subjects and maintain market order,and it is also the meaning of building a law-based business environment.Due to its“business”characteristics,market subjects have high expectations of autonomy,specialization and efficiency in commercial justice,and also put forward requirements for reform and improvement of the judicial system of“integration of people and business”.From the perspective of extraterritorial comparative law,many countries have set up different judicial institutions and procedures for civil and commercial judicature.Among them,the French commercial judicial system is one of the oldest,most distinctive and most complete systems in the Western countries.Through a series of rules to strengthen the autonomy of the parties,it can enhance the enthusiasm and participation of market subjects,improve judicial efficiency and market vitality.Based on the detailed investigation and comparative study of foreign experiences,this paper will explore the way to improve the judicial system of commercial affairs based on our country’s actual conditions.