不同基质与栽培方式对番茄生长效应的影响

Effects of different substrates and cultivation methods on tomato growth

为探究适合番茄种植的基质配比及栽培方式,于2020年3—6月在河北省邢台市威县农业科技中心温室大棚开展了番茄种植试验,共研究了3种基质配比(麦糠∶蛭石∶珍珠岩∶有机肥=6∶3∶2∶1的A_(1)基质;麦糠∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=6∶3∶2的A_(2)基质;纯椰糠的A_(3)基质)、3种栽培方式(B_(1)为地下槽种植、B_(2)为地上槽种植、B_(3)为悬空种植)对番茄出苗率与生长效果的影响。结果表明,A_(1)基质的番茄出苗率最大,说明其可以较好地满足番茄种子发芽所需的环境条件,番茄出苗率显著高于其他基质的出苗率,且A_(1)基质能够促进番茄植株的快速生长;地上槽B_(2)种植的番茄生长效果显著好于其他栽培方式。因此,A_(1)B_(2)处理可作为番茄种植的首选种植方案,可为无土栽培技术提供参考。

In order to explore the suitable substrate ratio and cultivation mode for tomato planting,tomato planting experiment was carried out in the greenhouse of Weixian agricultural science and technology center of Xingtai city,Hebei province from March to June in2020.Three substrate ratios(wheat bran∶vermiculite∶Perlite∶organic fertilizer=6∶3∶2∶1,A_(1)substrate;Wheat bran∶vermiculite∶Perlite=6∶3∶2,A_(2)substrate;Pure cocount bran,A3 substrate)three cultivation methods(B_(1)for underground trough planting,B_(2)for above ground trough planting,B_(3)for hanging planting)were studied on tomato seedling emergence rate and growth effect.The results showed that A_(1)substrate had the highest tomato seedling emergence rate,which indicated that it could meet the environmental conditions for tomato seed germination.The tomato seedling emergence rate was significantly higher than that of other substrates,and A_(1)substrate could promote the rapid growth of tomato plants;The growth effect of tomato planted in aboveground trough B_(2)was significantly better than that of other cultivation methods.Therefore,A_(1)B_(2)treatment can be used as the preferred planting scheme for tomato planting,which can provide reference for soilless cultivation technology.