2020年气象条件对江苏水稻生产的影响

Effects of weather conditions in 2020 on rice production in Jiangsu province

利用江苏省各站气象观测资料及农业观测和调查资料,对江苏省2020年水稻全生育期总的气候概况和各生育期的气象条件进行了分析。结果表明,2020年江苏省水稻全生育期气温偏高,光照略少,降水偏多,期间经历梅雨期强降水、夏季阶段性高温、台风暴雨、秋季短暂阴雨寡照、干旱等,气象条件有利有弊,大部分生育阶段光温条件适宜。秧苗期多晴少雨,对秧苗的培育和壮秧极为有利;播栽前期多晴好天气,绝大部分地区实现适期播栽;梅雨期持续阴雨寡照、气温异常偏低,水稻生育进程推迟,出梅后持续高温,整体利于水稻生长,苗情转化升级快,长势向好;但超长梅雨带来的隐性灾害明显,群体质量不高、个体偏弱;灌浆结实期,虽有短期降雨,但整体较为有利。水稻生育期间,病虫害总体重于上年,前期稻纵卷叶螟发生早、来势猛,后期褐飞虱偏重发生。

Meteorological observation and agricultural observation and investigations from various stations of the Jiangsu province were used to analyze the climatic conditions of the whole growth period and the weather conditions in each growth period of the rice during2020.The results show that,in the whole stage of rice growth in Jiangsu province during 2020,air temperature and precipitation increase,while duration of sunshine decreases.Heavy rainfall during the Meiyu season,inconsecutive heat waves in summer,tropical cyclone-related heavy rainfall,short duration of precipitation and sunshine as well as drought events in autumn occur in different stages of rice growth.The weather condition in 2020 is of advantage and disadvantage for rice growth in different stages,the duration of sunshine and air temperature are suitable in most stage of rice growth.More insolation and less rainfall in seedling stage is beneficial to the cultivation and sturdy growth of seedlings.There are more sunny days in the early stage of sowing,and seedlings are sowed in suitable period in most areas.Prolonged rainfall and cloudy days occur during the Meiyu season,while the air temperature is abnormally low and the growing process of rice is delayed.However,the persistent heat waves after the Meiyu season are beneficial to the growth of rice.The transformation and upgrading of rice seedling are fast,and the growth trend is suitable.The disaster caused by this extreme Meiyu is obvious.The population quality of rice is not high and the single quality of rice is also week.Although short-term rainfall occurs during rice filling stage,the weather is generally favorable to the rice growth.During the growing stage of rice,the degree of disease and insect damage are generally more serious than those of the last year.In the early stage of rice growth,the damage of rice-leaf folder occurs early and strongly,while the damage of brown rice planthopper is serious in later stage.