P2P网贷型非法集资的入罪标准实证研究

An Empirical Study on the Incrimination Standard of Illegal Fund-raising by P2P Network Loan

P2P非法集资案件中入罪标准的关键在于非法性、回报承诺及"违反国家金融法律法规"要件、出罪条款和立案标准问题。通过实证分析,发现非法性要件的问题在于"吸收"含义的缺位,相对而言资金池的概念更容易厘定,可以借助资金池的概念去厘清"吸收"的概念。回报承诺要件的问题关键在于"承诺"内涵的不明。"违反国家金融法律法规"要件的问题在于大部分P2P网贷型案件的案发时间都缺乏符合社会现实的金融法规基础。出罪条款问题的关键在于司法过程中因为条款的模糊性而不能得到很好地适用,进而需要对条款进行刑法解释。立案标准的问题关键在于"数额+人数"的门槛过于机械,忽略了案件可能造成的实际影响,且规范制定较早,相应门槛已经过低。上述问题均需要通过相应的立法对策或司法解释去解决。

The key problem in the standard of incrimination of P2P illegal fund-raising is its unlawfulness,lure and"violation of financial law"element,decriminalization clause and filing standard.By positive analysis,the problem of the unlawfulness is lacking in definition of"absorb".While the key problem of the lure is lacking in definition of"acceptance"."Violation of financial law"element’s defect is the law is too old that cannot be applied on the P2P cases.The decriminalization clause’s problem is its ambiguity of words.So we need to make a criminal law explanation on this clause.The problem to the filing standard is the"amount&number of people"is too mechanical that it may neglect the influence of the case.What’s more,the regulation are too old and the numbers are too low.The questions above needed too be solved by legislation and judicial interpretation.