危害国家安全网络有害信息的范围判定与法律边界

危害国家安全的网络有害信息直接威胁一个国家生存与发展的基石。既有立法针对危害国家安全网络有害信息范围规定尚存在抽象性、粗放型、不统一等问题。准确界定“国家安全”之内涵与外延,是判定此类有害信息法律范围的基础和前提。危害国家安全网络有害信息危及的国家安全类型,主要指向政治安全、社会安全和文化安全,并在实践中演绎为六种具体表现形式。判定此类有害信息的具体范围,应遵循比例原则等基本法律原则,并根据个案灵活适用“双轨”“双阶”理论及“明显而即刻的危险”等具体审查标准。为均衡国家安全和表达自由等权益,需将政治表达中的过激或抱怨性言论、学术研究中的评价或错误观点、部分内容失实或夸大的公共言论、针对具体国家机关及工作人员的批评言论等排除在危害国家安全网络有害信息的法律范围之外。

Current legislations on the scope of online harmful information endangering national security,a direct threat to the foundation of existence and development of a country,are often abstract,sketchy and not unified.Accurately defining connotative and denotative meanings of national security is fundamental and prerequisite for determining the statutory scope of such harmful information which jeopardizes national security mainly by posing threats to political,social and cultural security of a nation in six ways in actuality.Its statutory scope shall be primarily defined according to the principle of proportionality,and,if appropriate,the"clear and present danger",the"two-level theory",the"two-track theory"and other concrete standards of judicial review,depending on specific cases.To achieve an equilibrium among national security,freedom of expression and other rights and interests,it is imperative that radical speeches or complaints of political nature,comments or erroneous opinions of academic nature,partly inaccurate or exaggerated public comments,and criticisms against specific government authorities or their employees are excluded from the statutory scope of online harmful information endangering national security.