立法实施能够全面实施宪法吗——对我国宪法实施模式的反思与完善

Can Implementation of Legislation Fully Implement Constitution?

2008年以来,我国一直将宪法实施寄希望于立法实施模式,意图依靠立法机关制定具体法律来实现宪法全面实施。然而,由立法怠惰与立法本身局限性导致的立法缺失问题,构成了立法实施模式的“阿喀琉斯之踵”,单一的立法实施模式始终难以克服立法缺失问题。鉴于此,我们有必要改变传统将立法实施与司法实施对立的思路,转而将两者相结合,从而有效解决单一立法实施模式面临的困难,推进宪法全面实施。结合现行宪法体制,我国应当建立起“立法实施为主,司法实施为辅”的宪法实施模式,允许司法机关在有限的情形下直接适用宪法,并加强对司法机关实施宪法的监督。

Since 2008,China has been relying on the legislature to make laws to achieve the full implementation of the Constitution,denying the necessity and feasibility of courts to apply the Constitution.The lack of legislation caused by inaction of legislation and the limitations of the legislation itself constitutes the Achilles heel of the legislative implementation mode.Even if the legislators perform their duties,it is difficult to overcome the lack of legislation.However,if the legislative implementation mode is combined with the judicial implementation,the lack of legislation can be overcome.According to China’s Constitution,China should establish a new mode of constitution implementation,which is mainly based on the legislative implementation and supplemented by judicial implementation.