刑事一体化视野下的出罪路径探究

Research on the Path of Decriminalization from the Perspective of Criminal Integration

随着我国刑法上的犯罪圈不断扩大,以及司法实践中法定犯、轻刑犯的比例大幅攀升,“少捕慎诉慎押”刑事司法政策在我国应运而生。然而这一政策的贯彻执行在很大程度上取决于立法和司法上的出罪路径是否畅通。从刑事一体化的视角来看,目前我国的出罪路径存在着实体法上规定的出罪事由与程序法上规定的出罪方式不匹配、实体法上规定的出罪事由类型化不足、程序法上规定的出罪方式单一等问题。欲解决这些问题,需要进行刑法和刑事诉讼法上的联动调整,具体而言包括:为刑法上已有的出罪事由匹配刑事诉讼法上相应的出罪方式,为刑事诉讼法已规定的刑事和解、认罪认罚从宽制度在刑法上匹配相应的类型化出罪事由,丰富刑法上的非刑罚处罚措施并配之以刑事诉讼法上的司法转处程序,并在此基础上进一步探索和完善企业合规、法益恢复等新的出罪路径。

With the continuous expansion of the criminal circle in China's criminal lawand as the proportion of statutory offenders and minor offenders has increased sharply in judiciary practice,the criminal justice policy of“less arrest,prudent prosecution and careful detention”was born in China.However,the implementation of this policy depends to a large extent on whether the legislative and judicial path to decriminalization is smooth.From the perspective of criminal integration,the current path in China has problems such as the mismatch between the cause of decriminalization stipulated in substantive law and the method of decriminalization stipulated in procedural law,insufficient typification of the cause of decriminalization stipulated in substantive law,and single method of decriminalization stipulated in procedural law.In order to solve these problems,it is necessary to make joint adjustments to the substantive criminal law and the criminal procedure law.Specifically,it includes matching the existing causes in the Criminal Law with the corresponding procedural methods in the Criminal Procedure Law,matching the Criminal Settlement,Plea and Punishment Leniency System provided for in the criminal procedure law with the corresponding types of de-criminalization causes in the Criminal Law,enriching the non-penal punishment measures in the Criminal Law and matching them with the judicial diversion procedures in the Criminal Procedure Law,and further exploring and improving new decriminalization paths such as corporate compliance,legal interest recovery,and so on.