公共规制实施中利益机制的规范建构

The Normative Construction of the Interest Mechanism in the Implementation of Public Regulation

在现代市场经济条件下,公共规制可以看作是通过克服市场失灵来维护市场主体权益的一种政府行动。利益的调整和保障是公共规制的目标、指向和依据,利益机制是公共规制实施的一种方式、手段和技术。利益识别机制和利益分配机制是公共规制实施中最主要的两种利益机制类型,利益识别机制是规制实施中发现市场失灵的关键凭据,规范的利益分配机制构成纠正公共规制失败的手段。利益的主体及表达方式、利益指向的客体类型和利益存在的时空位置,决定着规制者的注意力、规制职责和规制准确性等事项,是公共规制实施中利益识别机制构造的基本要素。利益分配机制的构造应以利益分配标准的建立为核心,“基本经济权利”标准、“应得”标准、“时间”标准、“价格”标准和“纯粹的机会平等”标准,是公共规制实施中利益分配标准的主要类型。

The public regulation can be regarded as a kind of government action to overcome the failure of the market to protect the rights and interests under the condition of modern market economy.The goal,direction and basis of public regulation is the adjustment and protection of the interests.The interest mechanism is a way,means and technology of the public regulation implementation.The interest identification mechanism and the interest distribution mechanism are the two most important types of the interest mechanism in the implementation of public regulation.The interest identification mechanism is the key evidence to find the market failure in the regulation implementation,and the standardized benefit distribution mechanism constitutes a means to correct the failure of public regulation.The subject and expression of the interest,the object of the interest orientation and the space-time position of the interest determined the regulator’s attention,the regulatory responsibility and the regulatory accuracy,which are the basic elements of the interest identification mechanism in the implementation of the public regulation.The construction of the interest distribution mechanism should take the establishment of the interest distribution standard as the core.The standard of“basic economic rights”“due”“time”“price”and“pure equality of opportunity”are the main types of interest distribution standard in the implementation of the public regulation.