喀斯特地区景观格局变化对生境质量的响应

Response of Landscape Pattern Change to Habitat Quality in Karst Area

生境质量是生态系统服务功能和生态系统健康程度的重要体现,厘清喀斯特地区不同景观格局变化下的生境质量情况,对实现生态脆弱区的经济发展和生态保护具有“双赢”的现实意义。文章以南北盘江流域为例,基于InVEST模型研究流域2000-2020年景观格局与生境质量的时空演变特征,并以网格为分析单元,利用GeoDa、SPSS软件对二者的时空响应及关系进行分析,为喀斯特景观格局优化和生态环境保护提供科学依据。结果显示:(1)2000-2020年,南北盘江流域景观转变主要发生在耕地、林地的相互转换及建设用地对耕地的挤占上。研究区景观格局整体向好发展,但除林地外的其他景观地类细碎化程度加深,局部地区景观格局破碎度增强并向着异质化、复杂化方向发展。(2)2000、2010、2020年流域生境质量均值分别为0.7287、0.7275、0.7266,生境处于良好水平,呈轻微下降趋势。空间上生境质量呈“东西低,中南高”的分布特征,低质量区主要集中在南盘江流域上游,北盘江流域生境质量较好,但生境退化度高。(3)景观格局变化是影响生境质量的重要因素,不同景观格局指数与生境质量的相关性及响应程度存在时空差异。该流域景观格局与生境质量均受到冲击,生境质量上升和下降同时存在,生境治理成果难以凸显,在构建环南北盘江流域生态经济协作圈的背景下,还需统筹区域生态保护与建设。

Habitat quality is an important embodiment of the ecosystem service function and the health degree of the ecosystem.Clarifying the habitat quality under the change of different landscape patterns in the Karst areas has a“win-win”practical significance for the economic development and ecological protection in the ecologically fragile areas.The spatialtemporal evolution characteristics of landscape pattern and habitat quality in the northern-southern Panjiang River Basin from 2000 to 2020 were studied based on the InVEST model.Besides,using GeoDa and SPSS software,spatial correlation analysis was conducted with grid as the analysis unit.The study provides a scientific basis for landscape pattern optimization and ecological environment protection.Results indicated that from 2000 to 2020,there was prevalent conversion of cultivated land and forestland as well as the crowding out of forestland and cultivated land by construction land.Although the overall landscape pattern of the study area is developing well,the fragmentation of other landscapes except the woodland in the study area was deepened.Additionally,the local landscape was more fragmented and took a heterogeneous and complicated direction.The mean values of habitat quality in 2000,2010 and 2020 were 0.7287,0.7275 and 0.7266 respectively,which was at a good level and showed a slight downward trend.The habitat quality presented the spatial distribution characteristics of being“low in the east and west,and high in the north and south”.The low-quality areas are mainly concentrated in the upper reaches of the southern Panjiang River basin,while the northern Panjiang River basin is of better habitat quality,but the habitat degradation is high.Changes in landscape patterns is an important factor affecting habitat quality.There was spatio-temporal difference in the correlation and response degree between different landscape pattern index and habitat quality,the correlation between the areas where different landscapes are dominant is different.The landscape pattern and habitat quality of this basin are both impacted,the habitat quality rises and declines at the same time,and the achievements of habitat management are difficult to highlight.Under the background of building the ecological and economic cooperation circle around the northern Panjiang River basin,the regional ecological protection and construction should be coordinated.