儿童扁头综合征与运动发育迟缓的相关性研究

Correlation between deformational plagiocephaly and/or brachycephaly and motor developmental delay in infants

目的分析儿童扁头综合征(DPB)与运动发育迟缓的相关性,为DPB患儿早期运动发育筛查与早期干预提供理论依据。方法选取2021年1月—2022年12月间在绵阳市妇幼保健院就诊的7826名6~12月龄儿童,经过测量后筛选出2776例DPB患儿作为研究对象,分析患病率。并将2761例DPB患儿分为轻度、中度和重度DPB组,并纳入正常儿童1900名作为对照组。采用Peabody运动发育量表(PDMS-2)评估各病例组及对照组儿童的粗大运动与精细运动发育水平,采用单因素方差分析和LSD-t检验对各组儿童的粗大运动商(GMQ)和精细运动商(FMQ)进行分析,采用χ^(2)检验对各组儿童的运动发育迟缓率进行分析。结果DPB的患病率为35.47%。轻度、中度、重度DPB组和对照组的GMQ和FMQ差异有统计学意义(F=171.271、194.877,P<0.05)。进一步比较,轻度DPB组与对照组的GMQ和FMQ差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),中、重度DPB组的GMQ和FMQ均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各病例组与对照组的粗大运动和精细运动发育迟缓率比较,差异均无统计学意义(χ^(2)=7.478,5.777,P>0.05)。结论绵阳地区DPB患病率较高,DPB患儿不会增加患运动发育迟缓的风险,但中、重度DPB患儿运动发育水平明显落后于健康儿童。提示应尽早筛查DPB患儿,对中、重度DPB患儿进行运动发育筛查及运动促进锻炼。

Objective To analyze the correlation between deformational plagiocephaly and/or brachycephaly(DPB)and motor developmental delay in infants,so as to provide theoretical basis for early motor development screening and intervention in DPB infants.Methods A total of 7826children aged 6-12months who visited Mianyang Maternal&Child Health Care Hospital from January 2021to December 2022were inlcuded in this study.DPB infants were selected as the study subjects,and the prevalence rate was analyzed.2761DPB infants were divided into mild,moderate,and severe DPB groups,and 1900normal children were included as the control group.Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-2(PDMS-2)was used to evaluate the levels of gross and fine motor development in children in each case group and control group.Univariate analysis and LSD-t test were used to analyze the differences in gross motor quotient(GMQ)and fine motor quotient(FMQ)of children in each group.χ^(2) test was used to analyze the rate of motor developmental delay in children in each group.Results The prevalence rate of DPB was 35.47%.There were statistically significant differences in GMQ and FMQ among the mild DPB group,moderate DPB group,severe DPB group,and control group(F=171.271,194.877,P<0.05).Further statistical comparison showed that there was no statistically significant difference in GMQ and FMQ between mild DPB group and control group(P>0.05).The GMQ and FMQ of the moderate and severe DPB groups were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of developmental delay in gross and fine motor development between each case group and the control group(χ^(2)=7.478,5.777,P>0.05).Conclusions The prevalence of DPB in Mianyang area is relatively high,and DPB do not increase the probability of motor development delay.However,infants with moderate to severe DPB have significantly lower levels of motor development compared to healthy infants.It is recommended to screen infants with DPB as soon as possible,and conduct motor development screening and exercise promotion for infants with moderate to severe DPB.