交叉学科的类型与设置方式:基于知识的视角

A New Taxonomy of Interdisciplinarity:A Knowledge-Based Perspective

交叉学科是学科交叉形成的理论体系。按照不同的知识生产模式和知识交叉方式,可分为模式Ⅰ—聚合型交叉学科、模式Ⅰ—群落型交叉学科、模式Ⅱ—聚合型交叉学科、模式Ⅱ—群落型交叉学科。模式Ⅰ—聚合型交叉学科一般不单设门类或一级学科,设为一级学科下二级学科,模式Ⅱ—群落型交叉学科一般在交叉学科门类设一级学科,其他两种类型的交叉学科依托与知识基础关联的学科门类下设一级学科或二级学科。

Interdisciplinarity is a theoretical system formed by the intersection of disciplines.According to different modes of knowledge production and intersection,interdisciplinary studies can be divided into ModeⅠ-Conglomerative Interdisciplinary Studies,ModeⅠ-Cluster Interdisciplinary Studies,ModeⅡ-Conglomerative Interdisciplinary Studies,and ModeⅡ-Cluster Interdisciplinary Studies.It is argued that ModeⅠ-Conglomerative Interdisciplinary Studies are commonly set up as second-level disciplines,instead of as first-level disciplines or disciplinary categories.ModeⅡ-Cluster Interdisciplinary Studies are commonly set up as first-level disciplines or second-level disciplines under the disciplinary category of Interdisciplinarity.The rest two types are set up as firstlevel disciplines under the discipline categories with which the knowledge base of the interdisciplinary studies is associated.