生态位理论视角下我国高校发展定位问题研究

Research on the Development Orientation of Chinese Universities from the Perspective of Ecological Niche Theory

高校定位问题是我国高等教育改革与发展过程中面临的重要问题,明确高校定位是完善现代大学制度和高等教育体系的必然要求。在高等教育普及化阶段,实现高校合理定位、科学分类、特色发展、有效管理是提升高等教育质量的基础。高校生态系统类似于自然生态系统,自然生态系统的基本理论、运行规律可运用于教育生态系统中。基于教育生态学中生态位理论视角发现:我国高校分类发展中存在高校生态位定位不明确、高校间生态位重叠、高校生态位承载能力小等问题。从生态位"态势"角度看,高校定位要了解高校历史发展,找到高校发展的最适条件,形成"J"增长形态;从生态位重叠的现实出发,高校定位应凸显高校生态位特色,走特色化之路;从生态位扩充角度看,高校定位应与社会环境多元共生、协同进步,实现高校定位的合理化和科学化。

University orientation is important in the course of reform and development of higher education in China,and it is regarded as an inevitable requirement to enhance the modern university system and higher education system.In the popularization stage of higher education,to achieve reasonable orientation,scientific classification,characteristic development and effective management is the foundation for improving the quality of higher education.The university ecosystem is similar to the natural ecosystem,and thus the basic theory and operation rules of the natural ecosystem can be applied to the education ecosystem.Based on the ecological niche theory in the ecology of education,it is found that there are some problems in the university classified development in China,such as unclear positioning of the university niche,overlapping of the university niche and small carrying capacity of the university niche.From the perspective of ecological niche"momentum",the university orientation should understand the historical development,find the most suitable conditions for the university development,and form the"J"growth pattern.Starting from the reality of niche overlap,the university orientation should highlight the niche characteristics and take the road of maximizing university’s special features.From the perspective of niche expansion,the university orientation should co-exist with the social environment in multiple ways and make progress in coordination,so as to realize the rational and scientific university orientation.