发育早期铁缺乏对听觉系统功能的影响

Effect of early developmental iron deficiency on auditory system function

铁是人体内含量最多的必需微量元素。一方面,铁离子可调节多巴胺、乙酰胆碱、谷氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸等神经递质的含量,调节听神经髓鞘形成、轴突直径、突触生长与神经生长因子表达,进而影响神经信号的传导速度。另一方面,铁离子可调节多不饱和脂肪酸代谢、线粒体呼吸、细胞色素C氧化酶活性,影响神经元能量代谢和基因表达,以及调节神经元稳态和氧化应激,进而影响听神经发育与功能。本文从听神经系统发育与功能的角度出发对铁缺乏与听神经通路发育机制进行综述。

Iron is the most abundant essential trace element in the body.On the one hand,iron ions can regulate dopamine,acetylcholine,glutamateγ-aminobutyric acid,as well as the formation of myelination,axon diameter,synaptic growth,and expression of nerve growth factors,thereby affecting the speed of signal transduction.On the other hand,iron ions can regulate polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism,mitochondrial respiration,cytochrome C oxidase activity,affect neuronal energy metabolism and gene expression,and regulate neuronal homeostasis and oxidative stress,thereby affecting auditory nerve development and function.This article reviews the mechanisms of iron deficiency and development of auditory nerve pathway from the perspective of the development and function of the auditory nervous system.