亚太优先:美国亚太主导权战略探析

Asia-Pacific First:Analysis of American Asia-Pacific Leadership Strategy

基于全球霸权护持的需要,美国对亚太地区日益重视。纵观冷战后美国亚太战略的演变,美国对亚太地区主导权更加关注,显著体现了美国全球战略布局中的"亚太优先"。自奥巴马政府伊始,美国的亚太主导权战略愈加明显,特朗普政府大体延续了这一态势。在战略环境评估方面注意亚太地区的战略价值提升、地区权力格局变动、安全形势日趋复杂和地区合作与地区秩序调整等因素;在战略利益方面关注美国在政治、经济、安全等领域的优势;在战略资源方面关注美国自身实力、盟国与伙伴、地区制度影响力和美国的权威;在战略实施方面采取了增加战略投入、强化联盟关系等手段。不过美国的亚太主导权战略也面临诸多限制,能否实现战略平衡至关重要。基于亚太主导权维护,美国对华战略趋向强硬的趋势短时期内将难以改变,中美两国在亚太地区的战略竞争会更加激烈。

Based on the need for global hegemony maintenance,the United States attaches increasing importance to the Asia-Pacific region.Throughout the evolution of American Asia-Pacific strategy after the Cold War,the US has paid more attention to the leadership of the Asia-Pacific region,which clearly reflects the"Asia-Pacific First"in America’s global strategic layout.Since the beginning of the Obama administration,the US Asia-Pacific Leadership Strategy has become increasingly apparent,and the Trump administration has generally continued this trend.In terms of strategic environmental assessment,the US pays attention to factors such as the enhancement of the strategic value of the Asia-Pacific region,changes in the regional power structure,the increasingly complex security situation,regional cooperation and regional order adjustment.In terms of strategic interests,it pays attention to the advantages of itself in the political,economic,and security fields.In terms of strategic resources,it pays attention to the strength of itself,its allies and partners,the influence of regional systems,as well as the authority of itself.As for the implementation of the strategy,America has adopted measures such as increasing strategic investment and strengthening alliance relations.However,the US Asia-Pacific Leadership Strategy also faces many restrictions,and whether it can achieve a strategic balance is much crucial.Based on the maintenance of Asia-Pacific leadership,the trend of America’s tough strategy toward China will be difficult to change in a short period of time,and the strategic competition between China and the US in the Asia-Pacific region will be more intense.