比较优势陷阱、创新偏差与后发大国全球价值链突破——一个新的理论视角与经验证据

Comparative Advantage Trap,Innovation Bias and the Breakthrough of Global Value Chain of Developing Countries——A New Perspective and Empirical Evidence

本文构建了国家"等竞争优势曲线"模型,分析了发达国家主导的全球价值链治理机制使后发大国陷入"比较优势陷阱"的理论机理。其中,发达国家对先进技术转移的阻断带来的"产业消解"是后发国家陷入全球价值链突破困境的现实基础。论文提出了"创新偏差"这一工具性概念,构建了后发大国突破全球价值链的非线性路径空间,并从政策导向、市场需求、技术差距、组织战略等多个层次论述了后发大国新兴产业"创新偏差"的决定机制。对通信设备制造业代表企业——中国华为技术有限公司全球价值链创新突破实践进行了案例研究,结果证明了该框架的有效性。本文建议后发大国应该摆脱传统的线性升级路径,通过有效培育本土市场需求、积极建设产业基础技术体系、持续的技术研发投资、构建"双引擎模式"、世界级的管理创新体系等多元途径,不断积聚破坏性创新能力,缩短创新偏差,提升非价格竞争力,最终成功实现全球价值链突破。

The Iso-competitive-advantage model is developed in this study to analyze the theoretical mechanism of"comparative advantage trap"that developing countries fall into when they join the global value chain that is dominated by developed countries.Industrial fragmentation caused by the interruption of technology transfer by advanced countries features the practical basis that makes developing countries in the dilemma of global value chain.Innovation bias was created to construct the non-linear trajectory space which developing countries can choose to break through the global value chain.The determinants of innovation bias are discussed from varied lens of market demand,policy orientation,technological distance and organization strategy.The case study on Huawei is utilized to examine the significance of the theoretical framework.Several policy implications to cast away the traditional linear upgrading trajectory are put forward,such as cultivating domestic demand,developing industrial basic system of technology,increasing technological R&D investment and world-leading management innovation system and so on,to accumulate the capability of disruptive innovation,narrow innovation bias,raise non-price competitiveness,and obtain successful breakthrough of global value chain eventually.