环境规制工具、政府支持对绿色技术创新的影响研究

The impact of environmental regulation tools and government support on green technological innovation

政府通常会搭配使用规制政策与支持政策以激励绿色技术创新,而合理选择政策工具是确保政策搭配有效的关键。选取命令型、费用型、投资型三类环境规制工具与研发补助、低碳补贴两种政府支持行为,以2008—2018年中国工业省级面板数据为样本,实证研究了不同环境规制工具、政府支持行为对绿色技术创新的直接影响与耦合影响。实证结果显示:在当前政策强度下,命令型规制、投资型规制、研发补助促进绿色技术创新,低碳补贴抑制绿色技术创新,费用型规制对绿色技术创新的影响效果不显著;研发补助和低碳补贴分别正向和负向调节费用型规制和投资型规制的绿色创新激励效果。对样本内生分组后,拓展分析结果显示:由于绿色创新水平的地区差异,上述政策工具的效果呈现出明显的地区异质性特征;东部沿海与长江中下游地区应当充分利用"研发补助—市场型规制"间的正向耦合效应推动绿色技术创新,而中西部非长江中下游地区应当构建以"研发补助+命令型规制"为主体的创新激励政策体系。最后,结合对地方政府政策工具选择过程中存在问题的讨论,为不同政策主体提供了相应的对策建议。

The government usually uses a combination of regulatory policies and support policies to stimulate green technological innovation, and having a reasonable selection of policy tools available is the key to ensuring effective policy collocation. This paper selects three types of environmental regulations: command-based, cost-based and investment-based;and two types of government support: R&D subsidies and low-carbon grants. Taking the provincial panel data of China’s industry from 2008 to 2018 as a sample, this paper empirically studies the direct and coupled effects of different environmental regulatory tools and government support behaviors on green technological innovation. The results show that under the current policy intensity, command-based regulations, investment-based regulations and R&D subsidies promote green technological innovation, low-carbon grants inhibit green technological innovation, and cost-based regulations have little effect on green technological innovation. R&D subsidies are shown to positively adjust the green innovation incentive effects of cost-based regulations and investment-based regulations, while low-carbon grants negatively adjust the green innovation incentive effects of cost-based regulations and investment-based regulations. Further analysis finds that due to differences in the level of green innovation between regions, the effects of the above policy tools show obvious regional heterogeneity. The eastern coastal areas and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River should make full use of the positive coupling effect of "R&D subsidies—market-based regulations" to promote green technological innovation, while the non middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the central and western regions should establish a "R&D subsidy + command-based regulation" as the main body of innovation incentive policy system. Finally, the paper, by discussing the empirical results of its survey and the main shortcomings of the current policy tool selection methods in each region, provides corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for different policy subjects.