华北地区硫矿资源特征及成矿规律

Resource Characteristics and Regional Metallogeny of Sulfur Deposits in North China

硫是一种重要的非金属矿产,也是华北的优势矿产之一。华北地区硫矿资源丰富、分布较为集中,是我国硫铁矿和自然硫的重要产区。本文在资源禀赋、矿床类型、时空特征、主要控矿因素和成矿演化等要素分析基础上,总结了华北地区硫矿资源的主要特征和成矿规律。根据矿床成因将硫矿床划分为沉积变质型、沉积型、岩浆热液型、接触交代型和自然硫等5种类型;根据矿产预测要素划分出18个矿产预测类型,其中以沉积变质型、沉积型和岩浆热液型硫铁矿最为发育。硫铁矿主要分布于华北克拉通边缘裂谷带、隆起区、弧盆系和活动陆缘等构造部位,不同构造环境形成的矿床在时代、类型及规模方面存在差异,按其规律可划分为太古宇、中元古代、晚古生代、中生代和新生代等5个成矿期。硫成矿过程中经历了多期次的构造演化旋回,按照时间序列划分为新太古代—古元古代陆壳增生拼合期的火山喷发-沉积事件、中—新元古代华北克拉通伸展裂陷期的热水喷流-沉积事件、晚古生代华北陆块隆起与陆表海盆地沉积期的火山喷发-侵入事件、中生代滨太平洋构造叠加改造期的构造-岩浆事件,以及新生代以来陆内盆地伸展减薄期的裂谷盐湖沉积事件。通过矿产资源潜力评价,在华北地区划分出22个重要硫找矿远景区,显示出良好的成矿条件和找矿前景。

Sulfur is an important non-metallic mineral and one of the dominant minerals in North China.North China is an important production area of pyrite and natural sulfur with abundant and concentrated sulfur resources.Based on the summary of resource endowment,deposit type,spatial and temporal characteristics,main ore controlling factors and metallogenic evolution,this paper comprehensively analyzes the main characteristics and metallogeny of sulfur deposits in North China.From the perspective of ore genesis,sulfur deposits are classified into five types,including sedimento-metamorphic type,sedimentary type,magmatic hydrothermal type,skarn type and natural sulfur type.There are 18 mineral prediction types based on mineral prediction factors,of which sedimento-metamorphic type,sedimentary type and magmatic hydrothermal type pyrite are the most developed.Sulfur deposits are mainly distributed in rift zone,uplift zone,arc-basin system,active continental margin,etc.The metallogenic age,type and scale of the deposits formed in different tectonic environments are different.According to their regularity,they can be divided into five metallogenic stages:Including Archean,Mesoproterozoic,Late Paleozoic,Mesozoic and Cenozoic.The sulfur mineralization has undergone multiple phases of tectonic evolutionary cycles.which are divided into volcanic eruption-sedimentation events during Neoarchean-Paleoproterozoic accretion and amalgamation of continental crust,exhalaive hydrothermal-sedimentary events during Neoproterozoic-Mesoproterozoic extensional rifting of North China craton,volcanic eruption-intrusion events during uplift of North China block and deposition of epicontinental basin in Late Paleozoic,tectono magmatic events during the superposition and transformation of the Paleo-Pacific tectoinc domain in Mesozoic,salt lake deposition during extension and thinning of intracontinental basin in Cenozoic.On the basis of the evaluation of mineral resource potential,22 important sulfur prospecting areas are divided in North China,showing good metallogenic conditions and prospects.