激光增材制造过程中激光与粉末的相互作用研究现状

Current Research Status of the Interaction between Laser and Powder in Laser Additive Manufacturing

激光增材制造是通过激光加热熔化粉末或丝材并逐层叠加而形成所需工件的一种增量制造技术。该技术涉及非常复杂的非平衡物理和化学冶金过程,在加工过程中易产生非平衡组织和晶粒取向。激光与粉末的相互作用过程是整个加工过程中最为重要的部分,系统总结激光与粉末的相互作用对于增进对激光增材制造技术的理解,进而提升工件性能具有重要的意义。按照送粉式与铺粉式激光增材制造两种加工方式,分析了激光能量的衰减、粉末颗粒温度的上升以及激光-粉末-熔池的相互作用,综述了激光与粉末相互作用的研究现状。

Laser additive manufacturing is an incremental manufacturing technology that applies laser energy to melt powder or wire to achieve layer-by-layer stacking to form the required workpiece.This process involves very complex non-equilibrium physical and chemical metallurgical processes,which easily result in the formation of non-equilibrium phases and crystalline orientation.The interaction process between laser and powder is the most important part of the entire processing process.In-depth summary of the interaction between laser and powder is of great significance for improving the understanding of laser additive manufacturing technology and improving the performance of workpieces.The current research status of laser and powder interaction is summarized based on two processing methods:powder feeding and powder bed laser additive manufacturing.The attenuation of laser energy,the rise of powder particle temperature and the interaction of laser-powder-melt pool are analyzed.