美国一流大学体育学博士研究生培养的特征探骊与启示镜鉴

Exploring Characteristics and Reflective Insights in the Training of Doctoral Students in Sports Science at Leading American Universities

体育学博士研究生是推进体育强国,落实全民健身和助推健康中国等重大战略实现不可或缺的高层次人才与智力支撑。美国体育学博士研究生教育起步较早,且已形成了较为成熟的高质量培养体系,产出了大批高质量的体育学博士研究生,为美国的体育发展作出了巨大的贡献。以美国5所一流大学为例,对其体育学博士研究生人才培养体系特征进行解析后发现,其具有培养目标定位高远、入学资格审核全面、专业方向独具特色、课程体系架构多元、联合育人优势明显、博士资格考试严格等共性特征。其对我国体育学博士研究生培养的启示是:调整目标定位,聚焦卓越人才培养;优化入学资格,突出综合素质考察;深化研究方向,着力特色专业打造;完善课程结构,注重研究素养夯实;建立导师小组,发挥联合育人优势;推行资格考试,加强过程质量监控。

Doctoral students in sports science are essential high-level talents and intellectual support for building China’s strength in sports,advancing national fitness campaign,and promoting a healthier China.The education of doctoral students in sports science in the United States started early and has established a mature and high-quality training system,which has produced a considerable number of high-quality sports science doctoral graduates,and made great contributions to the development of American sports.Using five leading universities in the United States as a case study,this paper analyzes the characteristics of their doctoral training system in sports science.It is found that they have common features of high-level training objectives,comprehensive admission qualifications review,distinctive specializations,diverse course system architecture,joint supervision system,and rigorous doctoral qualification examinations.Its insights for the training of doctoral students in sports science in China are to adjust training objectives to focus on cultivating outstanding talents,optimize admission qualifications with an emphasis on comprehensive quality assessment,deepen research directions and emphasize the creation of distinctive specializations,improve course structure and focus on solid research literacy,establish a tutor group to give full play to joint supervision to enhance educational effectiveness,and implement qualification examination to strengthen process quality control.