体育社团对政府官员禁赛措施的法律分析——以俄罗斯前体育部部长诉国际奥委会案为例

Study on the Legal Nature and Validity of Ineligibility towards Government Officials Sanctioned by Sports Associations —— Take Vitaly Mutko v. IOC for Example

由于俄罗斯集体兴奋剂丑闻事件,国际奥委会禁止俄罗斯原体育部长参加今后所有的奥运会,引发在国际体育仲裁院的体育仲裁案件,仲裁庭裁决国际奥委会败诉。体育社团对违反章程的政府官员施加的禁赛措施属于社团处罚,双方当事人之间由此产生了"准外部行政法律关系",这种禁赛措施可视为特殊的"行政处罚"。在对体育社团所作的决议进行法律审查时,仲裁庭应当遵循成立要件到合法要件之序。此案中仲裁庭就国际奥委会决议的法律效力进行判断时,缺失了对程序合法要件的说理。这起案件昭示,体育社团应当注意其权力行使的界限,明确其行使的权力的性质,保障当事人的程序性权利。此案也反映了体育社团及其罚则在兴奋剂管制领域中对国家政府官员的震慑作用非常有限。

Due to the Russian collective doping scandal,IOC excluded the former Russian Minister of Sports from participating in all future Olympic Games.This dispute caused the case brought to CAS,and IOC lost the case.The ineligibility imposed by sports associations on the government officials who violate the code of associations belongs to association punishment.There is a quasi external administrative legal relationship between the two parties.Sports association ineligibility can be regarded as a special administrative punishment.When examining the decision made by the sports associations,the order from the establishment elements to the legal elements should be followed.This case demonstrated that sports associations should pay attention to the limits of their power,distinguish the nature of the power,and protect the procedural rights of the parties.This case also reflected the helplessness of sports associations and their rules to national government officials in the field of doping control.