化肥减量配施商品有机肥对白菜生长及土壤养分的影响

Effects of Reduced Fertilizer Combined With Commercial Organic Fertilizer on Growth and Soil Nutrients of Chinese Cabbage

以白菜为试材,采用田间小区试验的方法,设置CK(不施肥)、T1(单施复合肥)、T2(单施有机肥)、T3(减施20%复合肥增施有机肥)4个不同施肥处理,研究了商品有机肥配施复合肥对白菜生长、产量、品质及对土壤营养元素的影响,以期为当地白菜化肥减增效提供参考依据。结果表明:与不施肥的对照相比,纯施有机肥、纯施复合肥、有机肥配施复合肥3个处理均可提高土壤营养元素含量、白菜产量和品质,其中以有机肥配施复合肥效果最好。在有机肥配施复合肥处理下,白菜产量最高,比CK显著增产19.70%,叶片硝酸盐含量降低7.58%,叶片全氮含量显著提高20.48%,土壤全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾均为最高,分别比CK显著提高了38.51%、20.71%、46.40%、44.78%,有机质显著提高了15.80%,对土壤养分提升作用显著。综上,在当地种植白菜可以采用减施20%复合肥(40kg·(667m^(2))^(-1))配施50%商品有机肥(40kg·(667m^(2))^(-1))的方式施用肥料,可兼顾土壤可持续利用和提高白菜产量、品质,达到提质增效的作用。

Taking field plot test,Chinese cabbage was used as material to study the effects of commercial organic fertilizer combined with compound fertilizer on cabbage growth,yield,quality and its influence on soil nutrient elements by four different fertilization treatments,which were CK(no fertilizer)and T1(single application of compound fertilizer)and T2(single application of organic fertilizer)and T3(minus 20%compound fertilizer and increase organic fertilizer),in order to provide reference for reducing fertilizer application and increasing efficiency of local Chinese cabbage.The results showed that compared with the control treatment without fertilization,the three treatments of pure application of organic fertilizer,pure application of compound fertilizer,and application of organic fertilizer combined with compound fertilizer could improve the content of soil nutrient elements,yield and quality of Chinese cabbage.The treatment of organic fertilizer combined with compound fertilizer had the best effect.Under the treatment of organic fertilizer combined with compound fertilizer,the yield of Chinese cabbage was the highest which was significantly increased by 19.70%compared with CK,the nitrate content in leaves was reduced by 7.58%,and the total nitrogen content in leaves was significantly increased by 20.48%.Meanwhile,soil total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,rapidly available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium were significantly increased by 38.51%,20.71%,46.40%,44.78%compared to CK,and organic matter was significantly increased by15.80%,which had a significant effect on soil nutrient improvement.In conclusion,in the local cultivation of Chinese cabbage,the fertilizer application method of reducing 20%compound fertilizer(40kg per 667 m^(2))combined with 50%commercial organic fertilizer(40kg per 667 m^(2))can be applied to take into account the sustainable utilization of soil and improve the yield and quality of Chinese cabbage,and achieve the effect of improving quality and efficiency.